Chlorine

1. Chlorine By Catelynn Soong February 5, 2013 Assignment 21 Technology/Science

2. Periodic Table The Periodic table was created by,none other than Dmitri Mendeleev himself. He created the first version of the periodic table. It looks weird with two blocks in the top row, eight on the second and third, eighteen on the fourth, fifth, and sixth, and fourteen on the last row. The explanation of this is simple. The higher you get, the more common the element. For example, the top two elements, Hydrogen and Helium, are very common and can be found almost anywhere, even on the Sun which is actually made of those two elements. Just remember, the top means the most common ones. Each element is part of different family, or group of elements. That is also how the Periodic table is sorted. Now you will learn about the different families and their names. Dmitri was, as you can see, indeed Russian. He invented the periodic table and predicted the unimaginable(for back then)! He was a genius.

3. The Family of Elements There are different families of elements. For example, my element(chlorine) is part of the Halogen family. The other types of families are the Alkali Metals, Alkali Earth Metals, Metalloids, Other Non Metals, Noble Gases, Transition Metals, Other Metals, Lanthanides and Actinides, Solids, and finally, the synthetic elements. You might recognize one of these as your element's family. I am sure you know at least one of them. All of these are types of element families. Each and every single element belongs to one of these very fine families. Each has its own place on the Periodic table. You, if you read the previous page, should know why each has its own place on the table. The Halogen family also includes fluorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine. Here is what the key says: Sorry it's not very clear. . black=noble gases white=non metals dark blue=alkali metals light blue=alkaline metals pink=transition metals green=rare earth elements yellow=metalloids red=halogens grey=other metals

4. Origin Every element has an origin. I doubt that any are pure American. Some might come from Greek, like mine, or Latin, Spanish, Italian, or other languages that I don't know of. My element came from Ancient Greek. The word was, khloros, which meant "pale green". Chlorine was named by Sir Humphrey Davis in 1810. My element has a name that describes it. Well, sort of anyway. Somemight or might not, depending on the person who had the honor of naming the element. Here is a page of the dictionary that has the worked the word dictionary on it. Cool, huh?

5. Discovered/History The Periodic table when it was first created, in 1863, had about 56 elements and the average for the number of elements found per year was one. Now we have more elements, but with less accuracy. We have a total of 115 elements. The elements that been found are numbers 1 to 112 and numbers 114, 116, and 118. As you can see, numbers 113, 115, and 117 have not been discovered yet. Every element was discovered at a different time, but possibly the same person. I am just saying possibly. Most likely the answer is no, but I am just listing the possibilities. For example, my element, Chlorine, is element 17 and was discovered by Carl Wilhelm Scheele in 1774. Many others were probably discovered a little more recently, but I can't be sure. Mr. Scheele did not know what he had just discovered for he thought it was only part of a newly discovered element. In 1809, chemists thought it to be whole element and Sir Humphrey Davis proved this statement true in 1810. Here is a picture of the first periodic table.. Here is a picture of a modern table.

6. Properties Every element has different properties. That is what makes them so unique. If they had the same properties, then there would not be different elements. There would only be one kind. Here are the different categories for each element: Melting point, boiling point, number of electrons, protons, and neutrons, atomic mass, classification, and normal phase. My element has a specific number, temperature, or word for each of these categories. For melting point, the temperature is -100.98 degrees(in Celsius). For boiling point, the temperature is -34.6 degrees(Celsius). For number of electrons and protons, the number is 17. For number of neutrons, the number is 18. The word classification has many meanings in this kind of scenario. It means which family and it means whether or not the element is a metalloid, nonmetal, or metal. My answer is Halogen and nonmetal. The atomic mass is 35.4527 amu. The word normal phase is also a fancy word. It is just talking about whether the element is gas, solid, or liquid. My element's normal phase is gas(most of the time). When turned to liquid, it is yellow. This from this.

7. Uses for Chlorine There is a variety of uses for chlorine, gas or liquid. When you first think of chlorine, do you think of the swimming pool? Or paper? Or what about laundry? All of these are either made of or associated with chlorine. In swimming pools, chlorine is used get rid of bacteria and the same concept for drinking water. Every time you drink water, thank chlorine. If you want, of course. Paper, believe it or not, is not originally white. Chlorine is used to bleach it or make it white. Same with laundry. It makes your white clothes more white and, in a not so great way, it makes your colored clothes less colorful. Chlorine is also used in plastics, like your sprinkler system tubes. Did you know that chlorine is edible? Well it is, technically speaking. It is combined with sodium to make the salt that you eat. Chlorine is in a lot of everyday things that you use in your daily lives and you don't even realize it.

8. Cost Most things in the world are not free. Elements are one of them. My element is in your daily lives, but you don’t know it. Well since elements are what things are made of and things have a cost, elements have a cost, more or less. Chlorine is one of the very rare kinds of elements that is sold by itself, pure chlorine, with no combination what so ever. It is sold as swimming pool cleaning supplies at any market of that kind. It has a price of about $45.00 for 10 lbs, take or give a few dollars. Most products of chlorine have been processed and possess some other type of chemical. Other products, so to say are not as pure. So I did the product that has the closet thing to pure chlorine, which is swimming pool cleaning supplies.

9. Amazing Facts Did you know that chlorine was used in World War I? It is true. The German army released it at the Americans who were in hiding and forced them to reveal themselves. This plan was not successful since chlorine has a strong smell and the Americans used this to signal the time to put on their gas masks. Why did the German army do this? The reason is simple. Small of amounts of chlorine exposure, even for a little while, can be fatal. So with this knowledge, they tried but failed to poison their enemies. The first chain reaction was not a nuclear one. It was a chemical chain reaction. It was discovered by Max Bodenstein in 1913 when he observed a combination of chlorine and hydrogen gases explode when exposed to light. The reaction was thoroughly explained by Walther Nernst in 1918. It is true. Did you know, perhaps, that chlorine is the sixth most abundant element in Earth’s crust? Did you know that in some tree frogs, there is a chlorine compound that is 200 times better pain killer than any other kind? It is true. In the right amount, there are no side effects either! Sadly, it comes with a consequence. If given in large a amounts, it is deadly. A poisonous wave of gas coming in to attack troops.

10. Summary So in conclusion, we have learned that chlorine is in our daily lives, but we are not conscience of it. We also learned that it has many uses, unique properties, part of a small element family, was discovered by Carl Wilhelm Scheele and named by Sir Humphrey Davis after the Ancient Greek word, khloros, was used in World War I, can be found in tree frogs, and can be found in the Earth’s crust. We have also learned a little bit about the Periodic table. We have learned that it was created by Dmitri Mendeleev, in 1863, and originally had 56 elements. I think that is a lot to learn about a single element if you ask me. None the less, these are true facts gathered by me on Internet. Remember this and you shall never forget chlorine: True, chlorine goes in pools, but do not be fooled. Chlorine is very deadly and should be taken seriously. It is helpful yes, since it can get rid of pests!(The pests are bacteria in water.)