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Understanding Heart Action and Blood Circulation: A Comprehensive Overview

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This chapter delves into the cardiac cycle, highlighting the alternating contraction and relaxation of the atria and ventricles. It examines the heart sounds produced by valve movements and explores the closed circulatory system of blood vessels, including arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins. Additionally, it presents the pathways of circulation, distinguishing between the pulmonary and systemic circuits. Finally, vital signs such as arterial pulse and blood pressure are outlined, providing critical insights into cardiovascular health.

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Understanding Heart Action and Blood Circulation: A Comprehensive Overview

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  1. Chapter 11 Notes Continued

  2. I. Heart Action • A. Cardiac Cycle • a. Atria contract as ventricles relax; atria relax as ventricles contract • b. Pressure in the chambers rises and falls in repeated cycles • B. Heart Sounds • a. due to vibrations that the valve movements produce

  3. II. Blood Vessels • A. Forms a Closed Circulatory System • B. Arteries and arterioles • a. Arteries- carry blood away from the heart • b. arterioles- smaller branches of arteries that connect capillaries • C. Capillaries • a. Connect arterioles and venules

  4. b. Walls are very thin (single layer of cells) and form a semi permeable membrane which allows for diffusion • c. where exchange for gases, nutrients and waste products occurs • D. Venules and Veins • a. venules continue from capillaries and merge to form veins • b. veins carry blood to the heart • c. walls are thinner than arterial walls • E. Arteriesarteriolescapillariesvenulesveins

  5. III. Paths of circulation • A. Pulmonary circuit • a. consists of vessels that carry blood from the right ventricle to the lungs and back to the left atrium • B. Systemic circuit • a. consists of vessels that lead from the heart to the body cells and back to the heart • b. includes the aorta and it’s branches

  6. IV. Vital Signs • A. Measurements of • a. arterial pulse • b. blood pressure • c. respiratory rate • d. Body T • B. Arterial Pulse • a. due to alternating expansion and recoil of an artery

  7. b. normal resting is approx. 70-76 bpm (beat per minute) • c. heart rate • i. tachycardia- rapid >100bpm • ii. Brachycardia- slow <60 bpm • C. Blood Pressure • a. pressure blood exerts against inner walls of blood vessels • b. systolic pressure • i. pressure in arteries at peak of ventricular contraction • ii. Written first (top #)

  8. c. diastolic pressure • i. Pressure when ventricles are relaxing • ii. Written 2nd (blood #) • d. borderline # is 120/80

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