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This overview explores the critical aspects of legal discrimination and segregation in the United States, highlighting key elements such as voting restrictions, literacy tests, and the poll tax, with a focus on the Grandfather Clause. It discusses the Jim Crow laws and the infamous Plessy v. Ferguson case that upheld racial segregation. Additionally, it examines race relations, including societal expectations of conduct, lynchings, and the plight of various minority groups, including Mexican and Chinese workers subjected to exploitation and discrimination.
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Legal discrimination • Voting restrictions • Literacy tests • Poll tax • Grandfather clause: reinstate white votes • If he, his father, or grandfather were eligible to vote before Jan. 1st, 1867 • Before that date African Americans were not allowed to vote
Legal Segregation • Jim Crow laws: legal segregation (separating on race) • Schools, hospitals, parks and transportation • Plessy vs. Ferguson-1896 • 1/8 Af.Am. Denied a seat in railroad car in white section- took to Supreme Court • It was legal if facilities were equal • Equal declined in quality
Race relations • Black men forced to remove hats, to yield to white pedestrians, never shaking hands • Accusations- seriously if from white person • Lynching- illegal execution, w/o trial, carried out by a mob • Duluth, MN lynching http://collections.mnhs.org/duluthlynchings/ • both North and South
Mexican workers • Agricultural laborers • debt peonage- involuntary servitude, forced to work off a debt • Violation of 13th Amendment Chinese workers • Forced to take low paying jobs • Shoemakers, cigar makers, woolen mill operators • Anti-Chinese immigration
