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6. CHAPTER. SYSTEM UNIT. Announcement: Major Exam 01. Thursday, 17th March, 2005 Building 10 6:00pm Contents: Lecture Slides: #2 to #9 (all topics) Text Book: Chapter 1 (all pages), Chapter 2 (page 28 -42). Announcement: Lab Exam 01. Lab #6 Building 24/ 278 Contents:

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  1. 6 CHAPTER SYSTEM UNIT

  2. Announcement: Major Exam 01 Thursday, 17th March, 2005 Building 10 6:00pm • Contents: • Lecture Slides: #2 to #9 (all topics) • Text Book: Chapter 1 (all pages), Chapter 2 (page 28 -42)

  3. Announcement: Lab Exam 01 Lab #6 Building 24/ 278 • Contents: • Lab Practices: #2 to #5 (all topics) • Home works: #1 to #5 • Lab Book: Microsoft Excel (Chapter 1 – 4)

  4. Lecture Objectives • Internal Data Representations • How Numbers are represented? • How Characters are represented? • How Instructions are represented? • Character Coding Schemes • ASCII/ EBCDIC/ UniCode

  5. Internal Data Representation • Numeric representation & calculation • Decimal Vs Binary number systems • Conversions (Decimal to Binary and vice versa) • Why binary in computers? • Easy to represent using voltage levels • Easy to implement binary operations using transistors (adder/divider circuits etc.) • Binary Addition Examples • Definitions • Bit • Byte

  6. …..Internal Data Representation • How to do binary – decimal conversions? • Decimal to Binary • Needed when something goes in (from keyboard etc.) • Conversion Example: • 10 in decimal is 1010 in binary. • (Divide 10 repeatedly by 2 and note down the remainders in reverse order) • Binary to Decimal • Needed when something comes out (to Screen etc.) • Conversion Example: • 1010 in binary is 10 in decimal. • Multiply each digit with its corresponding power of 2. • Add all products at the end.

  7. …..Internal Data Representation • How to represent characters? • Coding Schemes • Binary coding schemes • ASCII – 8 bit code • EBCDIC -8 bit code • Unicode – 16 bit code • Coding ranges • 8 bit – 256 codes • 16 bit – 65536 codes

  8. …..Internal Data Representation • How a character goes into memory? • Advantage of standard coding • Coded data can be shared across different systems • Problems: • Microcomputer (ASCII) • Mainframe (EBCDIC) • Solution: • Conversions are done by special middle layer programs.

  9. Binary Codes ASCII microcomputers Unicode international languages

  10. System Board Allows I/O devices to communicate with the system unit.

  11. System Board • The board which makes possible the inter connection of all computer components. • Every system unit component has a direct connection with this board. • Provides wires (data path) in between components.

  12. The Microprocessor chip • The brains of the whole system • Composed of • Control Unit • Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) • Control Unit sends control signals to the rest of the devices like • Memory – reading/writing for instructions/data/results • Arithmetic Logic Unit • Other external devices – for input/output etc.

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