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Remembering and Forgetting

Remembering and Forgetting. Remembering. Network Theory We store ideas in separate categories called nodes As we make associations, we create links among thousands of nodes Cognitive map Personal associations that are followed in order to remember something. Remembering. Network Hierarchy

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Remembering and Forgetting

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  1. Remembering and Forgetting

  2. Remembering • Network Theory • We store ideas in separate categories called nodes • As we make associations, we create links among thousands of nodes • Cognitive map • Personal associations that are followed in order to remember something

  3. Remembering • Network Hierarchy • Arrangement of nodes in a certain order • Top- Abstract information • Animal • Middle- More specific information • Bird or fish • Bottom- concrete information • Blue jay, rooster, shark or guppy

  4. Forgetting • Four major reasons for forgetting • Repression • Poor retrieval cues • Amnesia • Interference

  5. Forgetting • Repression • Emotional process that automatically hides emotionally threatening or anxiety-producing information in the unconscious • Comes out in therapy • Not always correct • Sexual abuse

  6. Forgetting • Poor retrieval cues • Mental reminders that we create by forming vivid mental images or creating associations between new information and information we already know • Amnesia • Loss of memory that may occur after a blow or damage to the brain, after drug use, or after severe psychological stress

  7. Forgetting • Interference • The recall of some particular memory is blocked or prevented by other related memories • Proactive- old info. (learned earlier) blocks or disrupts the remembering of related new info. (learned) later • Retroactive- new info. (learned later) blocks or disrupts the retrieval of related old info. (learned earlier)

  8. Forgetting • Biological Bases of Memory • Cortex- where you store words, facts, or events • Used in both short-term and long-term memory • Amygdala- emotional memories, associations • Hippocampus- transfers short-term into long-term memory • Declarative only

  9. Memorization • Mnemonic devices • Ways to improve encoding and create better retrieval cues by forming vivid associations or images, which improve recall • Method of Loci- creating visual associations between already memorized places and new items to be memorized • Peg Method- associations between number-word rhymes and items to be memorized

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