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Giardia and Cryptosporidium Monitoring in NYC Watershed

This study investigates the presence and trends of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in the New York City Watershed, focusing on their potential harm to humans. The research includes a review of data collected over several years and the development of improved methods for detection.

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Giardia and Cryptosporidium Monitoring in NYC Watershed

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  1. NYC DEP Bureau of Water Supply, Water Quality Division of Science and ResearchGiardia and Cryptosporidium Monitoring in the New York City WatershedA Retrospective Kerri Alderisio Watershed Science and Technical Conference September 17, 2008 West Point, N.Y.

  2. “The Conference will bring scientists, engineers and technical experts together with watershed stakeholders and the public, to technically informand present leading-edge research findings oninformation collected to date, with regard to the protection of the nation’s largest unfiltered surface water supply.” - 2008 WSTC brochure

  3. Outline • Are they out there? • Method History • If so, how many? • Data Review • Are there any trends? • Giardia • Are they harmful to people? • Additional Research

  4. Are they out there? • An accurate, reproducible, validated, approved method is paramount to answering this question… • Methods for protozoan recovery have undergone many changes over the past 20 years…

  5. DEP Protozoan Method History(16 years; 3 methods; 3 laboratories)

  6. Method 1623 – Collection & Analysis

  7. IMS Technology

  8. Other Method Improvements:Pressure and NaHex Experimental Results n=8 56% 45% 39% 18% 12% 1%

  9. Stain Experiment Easy Stain Merifluor EasyStain 2.85 1.06 Avg. Giardia/ 50L 82% 45% Giardia Detection

  10. Stain Differentiation Results • P. Wallis, Hyperion G. muris Same lot # G. intestinalis

  11. Colorseed Experiment (FITC & TR) Faded FITC Damaged cysts Subjective Texas Red

  12. Recovery ComparisonDEP 1623 and DEP ColorSeed Method

  13. How many are there? • Upstate Keypoints • Kensico Streams • Terminal Keypoints

  14. Giardia at Catskill Sites Combined Giardia at Delaware Sites Combined

  15. Cryptosporidium at Catskill Sites Combined Cryptosporidium at Delaware Sites Combined

  16. Upstate Key Point Mean Values2002-2007

  17. Giardia at Eight Kensico Perennial Streams 1993 - 2008

  18. Cryptosporidium at Eight Kensico Perennial Streams 1993 - 2008

  19. DEL18 Giardia 1992 - 2008

  20. CATLEFF Giardia 1992 - 2008

  21. Cryptosporidium 1992 - 2008 DEL18 CATLEFF

  22. Down the Pipe! Arrows indicate flow Results are per 50L, US EPA Method 1623 Data from October 2001 – August 2008

  23. CLGH Giardia 1993 - 2008

  24. NYC Source Water CryptosporidiumLT2 values

  25. Are there any trends? • Temperature • relationship • 1623 stain study • Merifluor • Easystain

  26. Giardia and Temperature DEL18 2002 - 2008 Easy Stain Year

  27. Mean Giardia at CATLEFF by season 2002-2007 Easy Stain year W Avg. = 3.04 W W Sp Sp Sp W W W Su Sp Sp Su Sp Su F F F Su F Su W Su =0.54 F 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 YEAR

  28. Are they harmful to humans?

  29. Storm Sites 3 streams ~121 samples (1999-2004) Genotypes 22 Cryptosporidium genotypes found Significance 98%+ not significant human pathogens Most prevalent = deer, rodent, muskrat, skunk Animals 38 different species 541 specimens (2005-2007) Prevalence 111/541 (20%) positive 21 genotypes were found (11/ 21 previously seen in DEP storm water) 6/11 previously unknown 4 novel genotypes! 4 expanded hosts! Storm Samples Wildlife Feces

  30. DEP data up to April 2004 indicate wildlife contribute to Cryptosporidium contamination in stream storm water, but have no major public health significance in cryptosporidiosis

  31. Conclusions • Are they out there? • Yes, and we have a good, improved method • How many are there? • Not a lot, source water is: • ~ 2.0 Giardia / 50L • ~ 0.2Crypto / 50L • Are there any trends? • Yes, Giardia low summer/ higher winter; not enough Crypto detected to be certain • Are they harmful to humans? • Not significant human pathogens (1999-2004)

  32. Thank You! Acknowledgements: S. DiLonardo C. Pace WQ Pathogen Laboratory staff WQ Field staff

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