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Introducing ArcGIS

Introducing ArcGIS . Chapter 1. Objectives. Understand the architecture of the ArcGIS program. Become familiar with the types of data files used in ArcGIS. Learn how to explore data files using ArcCatalog. Storing Map Data. Vector vs. Raster x, y coordinates (sometimes z) Attribute

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Introducing ArcGIS

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  1. Introducing ArcGIS Chapter 1

  2. Objectives • Understand the architecture of the ArcGIS program. • Become familiar with the types of data files used in ArcGIS. • Learn how to explore data files using ArcCatalog.

  3. Storing Map Data • Vector vs. Raster • x, y coordinates (sometimes z) • Attribute • Information represented • (i.e., soil type) • Georeferenced • Tied to a specific location on the Earth’s surface

  4. Vector Model • Features • X, Y coordinates • Points • Lines • Polygons

  5. Vector Model • Point • 1 x, y coordinate • Line • 2 x, y coordinates • Nodes • Polygon • More than 2 x, y coordinates • Vertex (vertices)

  6. Vector Model • Feature Classes • 1 type of geometry • Share a table containing their attributes • Have like attributes

  7. Vector Model • FID (feature identification code) • Thematic mapping • Displaying features based on their value

  8. Vector Model • Storing feature classes • Shapefiles (shp) • One feature class • Coverages

  9. More storage… • Feature Datasets • Roads • Traffic lights • Railroads • Gas stations

  10. Fact of the day…. A regular hen's egg has about 7,000 tiny pores in its shell.

  11. Two basic models… • Topological • Stores spatial relationships between features in addition to their x, y coordinates. • Spaghetti • Stores spatial features as a series of x, y coordinates • Does not store topological relationships

  12. Benefits of Vector • Stores with high degree of precision • Flexibility • Mapmaking • Compact storage • Certain types of analysis

  13. Drawbacks of Vector • Does not store continuous information well • Elevation, precipitation, etc. • Time consuming analysis for some types

  14. Raster Model

  15. Raster Model • Grid-cell • Row and column • Land use • Resolution • Higher=more precise • Lower=less precise

  16. Two types of Raster • Discrete • Few values repeat themselves • Roads • Continuous • Range smoothly from one location to another • Elevation

  17. Benefits of Raster • Continuous data • Analysis are simple to perform • Map algebra • Algebraic expression

  18. Drawbacks to Raster • Precision vs. storage • Ability to store attributes • To store geology and infiltration values, need two rasters

  19. ArcGIS overview • ArcMap • Display, analyze, edit spatial data • ArcCatalog • Viewing and maintaining spatial data files • ALWAYS use to delete, copy, rename, move files

  20. ArcToolbox • Collection of tools and functions • More can be downloaded

  21. Data Files • Shapefiles • Only one feature class • Points, lines, polygons • Green icons • Must contain: • .shp • The main file that stores the feature geometry • .shx • The file that stores the index of the feature geometry • .dbf • The database of attributes

  22. Coverages • Oldest • Multiple feature sets • .adf (arc data file) • Yellow icons

  23. Geodatabases • Multiple feature classes • Include tables • Rules • Stop light must be on road • 2 types: • Personal • Ind. & Microsoft Access • Enterprise • Groups and editing

  24. Database connections • Permits users to log in and utilize data from an enterprise geodatabase.

  25. Layer Files • Does not contain spatial data • How it should be displayed • Store symbols

  26. Rasters • Binary format

  27. Tables • Unassociated with spatial data set • Standalone tables • .dbf (dBase format)

  28. Others • Grids • Raster format • Internet Servers • Image=print • Feature=download • TINs • Triangulated Irregular Networks • 3-D

  29. CAD drawings • Created in CAD can be read by ArcGIS • Cannot be edited unless converted

  30. Metadata • Data about data • Who created? • Time relevant? • Coordinate system? • What the fields mean?

  31. Context Menus • Right click on name

  32. Left click on symbol

  33. Right click on symbol

  34. Object Properties

  35. Arc Catalog • ALWAYS used to copy, delete, rename, modify spatial data. • Viewing files

  36. Preview tab • Geography or Table

  37. Metadata • Decode what the information is telling you!!!

  38. ArcToolbox • About 30 tools • Develop your own tools • ModelBuilder

  39. Thank you for your time…. I know that it has been a LOOOONNGG day, but you will get to practice, I promise!!!!

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