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MODERNISM

MODERNISM. “ Modernism released us from the constraints of everything that had gone before with a euphoric sense of freedom.  ” Arthur Erickson “War is the highest form of modern art .” Tommaso Marinetti, founder of Futurism

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MODERNISM

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  1. MODERNISM

  2. “Modernism released us from the constraints of everything that had gone before with a euphoric sense of freedom. ” Arthur Erickson • “War is the highest form of modern art.” Tommaso Marinetti, founder of Futurism • “In general, modern art... has been inspired by a natural desire to chart the uncharted.” Herbert Read • “On or about December 1910, human character changed….” Virginia Woolf • “Modern music is as dangerous as cocaine.” Pietro Mascagni • “The impulse of modern art is the desire to destroy beauty. ” Barnett Newman • “And yet what is Modernism? It is undefined. ”John C. Ransom

  3. Science: An Indeterminate Universe • Quantum Physics – Max Planck • Energy is not continuous, but comes in small but discrete units.  • The elementary particles behave both like particles and like waves.  • The movement of these particles is inherently random. 3 • Principle of Uncertainty – Werner Heisenberg • It is physically impossible to know both the position and the momentum of a particle at the same time. • Theory of Relativity – Albert Einstein • E=mc2 • Energy = mass x speed of light squared

  4. Psychology: Whither the Self? Sigmund Freud Karl Jung Collective Unconscious Psyche: Persona Animus/Anima Shadow Archetypes: primal patterns The Hero The Trickster The Great Mother The Sage Myth, dreams, folklore • Psychoanalysis and Dream Analysis – the Unconscious Mind • Psyche: • Id • Ego • Superego • Oedipal Complex • Repression and Sublimation • Civilization and Its Discontents

  5. Motifs and Movements • Fragmentation: Cubism • Precision: Imagism • Speed: Futurism • Alienation/Angst: Expressionism • Color: Fauvism • Technology: Constructivism • Functionalism: Bauhaus/International Style • Protest/Propaganda: Social Realism • Chaos/Irrationality: Dadaism • The Subconscious: Surrealism • Form: Abstraction

  6. Fragmentation: C UB ISM Georges Bracque Woman with a Guitar, 1913 Juan Gris, Still Life with Fruit Dish and Mandolin, 1919

  7. Primitivism:African Influences Pablo Picasso, Les Demoiselles d’Avignon, 1907

  8. Poetry: Imagism • Discordant • Abstract • Open Verse • Imagists: • Ezra Pound • Amy Lowell • H.D. Heat by H. D. O wind, rend open the heat, cut apart the heat, rend it to tatters. Fruit cannot drop through this thick air– fruit cannot fall into heat that presses up and blunts the points of pears and rounds the grapes. Cut the heat– plough through it, turning it on either side of your path.

  9. Imagism “It is essential to prove that beauty may be in small, dry things. The great aim is accurate, precise and definite description.” – T.E. Hulme IN A STATION OF THE METRO The apparition of these faces in the crowd;Petals on a wet black bough. Ezra Pound

  10. William Carlos Williams “The Great Figure” Among the rainand lightsI saw the figure 5in goldon a redfire truckmovingtenseunheededto gong clangssiren howlsand wheels rumblingthrough the dark city Charles Henry Demuth (1883-1935), I Saw the Figure Five in Gold

  11. Umberto Boccioni, Unique Forms of Continuity in Space,1913 Speed: Futurism “The cry of rebellion which we utter associates our ideals with those of the Futurist poets. These ideas were not invented by some aesthetic clique. They are an expression of a violent desire, which burns in the veins of every creative artist today. ... We will fight with all our might the fanatical, senseless and snobbish religion of the past, a religion encouraged by the vicious existence of museums. We rebel against that spineless worshipping of old canvases, old statues and old bric-a-brac, against everything which is filthy and worm-ridden and corroded by time. We consider the habitual contempt for everything which is young, new and burning with life to be unjust and even criminal.” Filippo Tomaso Marinetti, The Futurist Manifesto, 1909

  12. Vorticism The cover of the first edition of BLAST, 1914. The cover of the second edition of BLAST, 1915.

  13. AlienationAngstExpressionism Emil NoldeMaskenstilleben (Masks Still Life)1911

  14. Theatre: Questions of Identity • Pirandello: Naked Masks • Dramatic illusion • What is real? • What is identity behind the social mask? • Impossibility of authentic communication • Leads to Beckett’s Theatre of the Absurd

  15. Samuel Beckett, Endgame

  16. Color: Fauvism La femme au grand chapeau(Woman with large hat) by Kees van Dongen, 1906 Woman with a Hat by Henri Matisse, 1905

  17. Fiction: Stream-of-Consciousness • “Let us record the atoms as they fall upon the mind in the order in which they fall, let us trace the pattern, however disconnected and incoherent in appearance, which each sight or incident scores upon the consciousness. Let us not take it for granted that life exists more fully in what is commonly thought big than in what is small” – Virginia Woolf “Modern Fiction”

  18. Stream of Consciousness James Joyce William Faulkner Dorothy Richardson Virginia Woolf

  19. Ilya Golosov, Zuyev Workers' Club, 1927Moscow Technology: Constructivism

  20. Functionalism: Bauhaus/International Style Walter Gropius, The Bauhaus Building in Dessau, Germany

  21. Commentary/Propaganda: Social Realism Isabel Bishop, Office Girls, 1938 Aaron Douglas, God’s Trombones, 1926

  22. Strakhov, Emancipated Women Build Socialism, 1920 Rivera, The Arsenal, detail, 1928

  23. Leni Riefenstahl, The Triumph of the Will, 1934 Film: Propaganda and Satire Charlie Chaplin,1940

  24. PhotographyandPhoto-journalism Dorothea Lange, Migrant Mother

  25. Epic Theatre: Bertolt Brecht • Socially Conscious • Didactic • Dialectic • Theatrical • Borrows fromCabaret Mother Courage and Her Children, 1934

  26. PROTEST: Picasso, Guernica

  27. Chaos/Irrationality: Dadaism Photograph of Marcel Duchamp's "Fountain“. ready-mades • Marcel Janco recalled,We had lost confidence in our culture. Everything had to be demolished. We would begin again after the "tabula rasa". At the Cabaret Voltaire we began by shocking common sense, public opinion, education, institutions, museums, good taste, in short, the whole prevailing order. • Dada is the groundwork to abstract art and sound poetry, a starting point for performance art, a prelude to postmodernism, an influence on pop art, a celebration of antiart to be later embraced for anarcho-political uses in the 1960s and the movement that lay the foundation for Surrealism.-Marc Lowenthal

  28. The Subconscious:Surrealism • Film: Luis Bunuel and Salvador Dali, Un Chien Andalou, 1929 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YAiIUdWk1Ng&feature=related Rene Magritte, Attempting the Impossible, 1928

  29. Form: AbstractionPiet Mondrian, Broadway Boogie Woogie, 1942-43

  30. Abstraction Cycladic Influence on Modern Art Constantin Brancusi Cycladic Statue Amedeo Modigliani

  31. Music Sound Experimentation Ragtime, Blues and Jazz Roots in African-American work songs, gospel, drumming, parade music Moved from New Orleans up the Mississippi to St. Louis and Kansas City on to Chicago, NYC and LA – wildy popular in Europe Ragtime: Scott Joplin Opera: Treemonisha Blues – emotive lamentation using blues scale Jazz – improvisational, ensemble • Arnold Schoenberg: • Atonality • 12-tone system: serialism • Song cycles: Sprechstimme • Igor Stravinsky: • Le Sacre du Printemps: dissonance and heavy rhythm • Eric Satie: • Incorporation of “work” sounds • Alban Berg • Operas: Wozzeckand Lulu

  32. Dance: Ballet • Diaghilev: Ballet Russe • Choreographers: Fokine, Nijinsky • Dancers: Pavlova, Nijinsky, Karasavina • Designers: Picasso, Bakst • Composers: Ravel, Debussy, Rimsky-Korsakov, Stravinsky

  33. Le sacre du printemps : The Rite of Spring, 1913http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jo4sf2wT0wU

  34. Modern Dance: Isadora Duncanfreedom of movementhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SPlN_gO5TOM

  35. Modern Dance: Denishawn –Ruth St. Denis and Ted Shawn international influence http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=42Hc6pvnI8A&list=PL2BAF1DD92407A23B

  36. Modern Dance: Katherine DunhamAfro-Caribbean Influence http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7vyx6ue7K6o http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W23MYjH92co

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