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Labor and Mining in Colonial Latin America: A Study of Potosí, Mexico City, and Cuzco

This exploration delves into the labor dynamics of Indian communities in key colonial cities such as Potosí, Mexico City, and Cuzco. Highlighting the critical roles played by various indigenous groups, including Mixtecs and Zapotecs in the cochineal trade, the text also addresses the harsh mita labor system instituted by Spanish authorities. It reviews historical documents, such as Felipe Guaman Poma de Ayala's work, and examines the demographic shifts in Potosí due to mining booms, illustrating the intertwined fates of indigenous and Spanish populations in the 17th century.

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Labor and Mining in Colonial Latin America: A Study of Potosí, Mexico City, and Cuzco

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  1. Indian Labor, Mining, & Potosì

  2. Cities and Labor • Mexico City/ Tenochtitlàn & Cuzco • Lima, Peru & Puebla, Mexico • 1700 = Bogotà, 10,000 Indians & 3,000 Spaniards • Traza

  3. Indios Ladinos • Criticized by Spaniards • Legal spokespeople • Felipe GuamanPoma de Ayala

  4. Primeranuevacrònica y buengobierno (1615) • Written directly to King Philip III • 1,200 pages & 398 drawings

  5. Cochineal • Produced by Mixtecs & Zapotecs in Southern Mexico • 1700 = # 2 export from Mexico • Fee = 1 pound cochineal for 1.5 pesos

  6. Potosì, Bolivia • 1540s = Silver boom began • 1590s = 330,000 pounds of silver ore per year • 1610 = 150,000 total residents • 1610 = 76,000 Indian residents

  7. Mitayos • 1573 = Toledo instituted the mita • One year of work every seven years • Mita restructured to entice workers • One week on, two weeks off • Ladders

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