CH 3: Neuroscience

1. CH 3: Neuroscience Review Game

2. Please select a Team. • The firing neurons • The brain trust • We have potential • Driven by hormones • High on endorphins • The Dendritic warriors • We have huge brains

3. :25 Which chemicals pass across the synaptic gap and increase the possibility the next neuron in the chain will fire? • Synaptic peptides • Inhibitory neurotransmitters • Adrenaline-type exciters • Excitatory neurotransmitters • Potassium and sodium

4. :25 According to the theory of evolution, why might we call some parts of the brain the old brain and some parts the new brain? • Old brain parts are what exist in very young children, and the new brain develops later • The old brain developed first according to evolution • The old brain becomes more active as we grow older • The new brain deals with new information, while the old brain deals with information gathered when we were children • The old brain is most affected by age deterioration (dementia) while the new brain remains unaffected

5. :25 Blindness could result from damage to which cortex and lobe of the brain? • Visual cortex in the frontal lobe • Visual cortex in the temporal lobe • Sensory cortex in the parietal lobe • Visual cortex in the occipital lobe • Cerebral cortex in the occipital lobe

6. :25 You eat some bad sushi and feel that you are slowly losing control over your muscles. The bacteria you ingested from the bad sushi most likely interferes with the use of: • Serotonin • Insulin • Acetylcholine • Thorazine • Adrenaline

7. :25 Deafness can result from damage to the inner ear or damage to what area of the brain? • Connections between the auditory nerve and the auditory cortex in the frontal lobe • Connections between the auditory nerve and the auditory cortex in the temporal lobe • Connection between the areas of the sensory cortex that receive messages from the ears and the auditory cortex • Connections between the hypothalamus and the auditory cortex in the temporal lobe • Connections between the left and right sensory areas of the cerebellum

8. Team Scores

9. :25 A spinal reflex differs from a normal sensory and motor reaction in that: • A spinal reflex occurs only in response to extremely stressful stimuli • In a spinal reflex, the spine moves the muscles in response as soon as the sensory information reaches the spine while usually the impulse must reach the brain before a response • In a normal sensory/motor reaction, the spine transmits the information through afferent nerve fibers, while reflex reactions are transmitted along special efferent nerves • Spinal reflexes are part of the central nervous system response, while normal sensory/motor reactions are part of the peripheral nervous system • Spinal reflexes occur only in animals because humans are born without instinctual responses

10. :25 Antidepressant drugs like Prozac are often used to treat mood disorders. According to what you know about their function, which neurotransmitter system do these types of drugs try to affect? • Serotonin • Adrenaline • Acetylcholine • Endorphins • Morphine

11. :25 Which sentence most closely describes neural transmission? • An electric charge is created in the neuron, the charge travels down the cell, and chemicals are released that cross the synapse to the next cell • A chemical change occurs within the cell, the change causes an electric charge to be produced, and the charge jumps the gap between the nerve cells • The electric charge produced chemically inside a group of neurons causes chemical changes in surrounding cells • Neurotransmitters produced in the hindbrain are transmitted to the forebrain, causing electric changes in the cerebral cortex • Neural transmission is an electrochemical process both inside and outside the cell

12. :25 Dr. Dahab, a brain researcher, is investigating the connection between certain environmental stimuli and brain processes. Which types of brain scans is he most likely to use? • MRI and CAT • CAT and EKG • PET and EEG • EKG and CAT • Lesioning and MRI

13. :25 Split-brain patients are unable to: • Coordinate movements between their major and minor muscle groups • Speak about information received exclusively in their right hemisphere • Speak about information received exclusively in their left hemisphere • Solve abstract problems involving integrating logical (left-hemisphere) and spatial (right-hemisphere) information • Speak about information received exclusively through their left ear, left eye, or left side of their bodies

14. Team Scores

15. :25 When brain researchers refer to brain plasticity, they are talking about: • The brain’s ability to quickly regrow damaged neurons • The surface texture and appearance cause by the layer known as the cerebral cortex • The brain’s versatility caused by the millions of different neural connections • Our adaptability to different problems ranging from survival needs to abstract reasoning • New connections forming in the brain to take over for damaged sections

16. :25 Mr. Hawthorne is a 39-year old male who has been brought into your neurology clinic by his wife. She has become increasingly alarmed by her husband’s behavior over the last four months. His list of symptoms include: increased appetite, body temperature fluctuations, decreased sexual desire, poor balance when walking and standing and a general lack of coordination. Which two parts of the brain would you predict are being affected by the tumors? • Motor cortex and emotion cortex • Somato-sensory cortex and hypothalamus • Hypothalamus and cerebellum • Cerebellum and medulla • Thalamus and motor cortex

17. :25 In most people, which one of the following is a specific function of the left hemisphere that is typically not controlled by the right hemisphere? • Producing speech • Control of the left hand • Spatial reasoning • Hypothesis testing • Abstract reasoning

18. :25 A neuron without terminal buttons would be unable to: • Receive information from neighboring neurons • Generate an action potential • Direct the synthesis of neurotransmitters • Secrete neurotransmitters to other neurons • Transport ions across the cell membrane

19. :25 Scientists are able to see changes in the brain as it processes information by means of: • Lesioning • Autopsy • CT • MRI • PET

20. Team Scores

21. :25 The simplest behaviors we carry on: • Are learned when we are infants • Do not involve the central nervous system • Are reinforced through conditioning • Include sneezing and blinking • Must be processed by the medulla

22. :25 Of the following, the effect of adrenalin on the body is most similar to the effect of the: • Cerebellum • Parathyroids • Somatic nervous system • Parasympathetic nervous system • Sympathetic nervous system

23. :25 Mr. Jenkins’ suffered a stroke as a result of a brain injury. Although he can still move the fingers on his right hand, he has lost sensation in these parts. Of the following, the site of damage to his brain is most likely in the: • Right frontal lobe • Right temporal lobe • Left frontal lobe • Left parietal lobe • Hypothalamus

24. :25 Which of the following glands interact(s) most directly with all of the others to help regulate body processes? • Pituitary • Adrenals • Parathyroids • Thyroid • Ovaries

25. :25 Gunshot wounds, tumors, and strokes all result in: • Infections • Significant loss of function • Lesions • Pain • Necessity for surgery

26. Team Scores

27. :25 Which includes all of the others? • Autonomic nervous system • Peripheral nervous system • Somatic nervous system • Parasympathetic nervous system • Sympathetic nervous system

28. :25 Which stimulates a muscle to contract? • Adrenal hormones • Receptors • Sensory neurons • Motor neurons • Interneurons

29. :25 Loss of the ability of the brain to produce adequate levels of dopamine often leads to: • Aphasia • Alzheimer’s disease • Parkinson’s disease • Bipolar disorder • Amnesia

30. :25 The charge of a resting neuron is: • Primarily a negative charge • Primarily a positive charge • Neither a negative or positive charge • Primarily effected by neurotransmitters • Primarily effected by hormones

31. :25 This is an example of a sympathetic function: • Promoting your sexual development • Monitoring the operation of the body’s routing functioning • Picking up a dime off the floor • Preparing yourself to fight an attacking dog • Figuring out the answer to a difficult test question

32. Team Scores