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Solubilization of phenanthrene above cloud point of Brij 30: A new application in biodegradation

Bionic technology Lab. Solubilization of phenanthrene above cloud point of Brij 30: A new application in biodegradation. T. Pantsyrnaya, S.Delaunay, J.L.Goergen, E.Guseva, J.Boudrant Chemosphere 92 (2013) 192–195. KUAS Chemical Engineering. KUAS Chemical Engineering. 4.

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Solubilization of phenanthrene above cloud point of Brij 30: A new application in biodegradation

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  1. Bionic technology Lab Solubilization of phenanthrene above cloud point of Brij 30: A new application in biodegradation T. Pantsyrnaya, S.Delaunay, J.L.Goergen, E.Guseva, J.Boudrant Chemosphere 92 (2013) 192–195 KUAS Chemical Engineering

  2. KUAS Chemical Engineering 4 Results and discussion 1 3 2 Abstract Experimental Bionic technology Lab Outline Conclusions

  3. KUAS Chemical Engineering Bionic technology Lab Abstract • In the present study anew application of solubilization of phenanthrene above cloud point of Brij 30 in biodegradation was developed. • It was shown that atemporal solubilization of phenanthrene above cloud point of Brij 30 (5wt%) permitted to obtain astable increase of the solubility of phenanthrene even when the temperature was decreased to culture conditions of used microorganism seudomonas putida (28 C).

  4. KUAS Chemical Engineering Bionic technology Lab Experimental spin coated Plasma treatment N-doping TiO2 film Glass substrate TiO2 film 673 K for 60 min discharge power from 30 to 100 W radio frequency :13.56 MHz Plasma treatment time: 5 min nitrogen pressure: 5 Pa atmosphere : 5 Pa argon

  5. KUAS Chemical Engineering Bionic technology Lab Results and discussion Fig. 1. UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectra of the TiO2 films (a) before and (b)–(d) after nitrogen-plasma treatment. The discharge powers were (b) 30, (c) 50, and (d) 100 W.

  6. KUAS Chemical Engineering Bionic technology Lab Results and discussion Ti-N bonds N–N, N–O, and N=O Fig. 2. N1s XPS spectra of the TiO2 films (a) before and (b)–(d) after nitrogen-plasma treatment. The discharge powers were (b) 30, (c) 50, and (d) 100 W.

  7. KUAS Chemical Engineering Bionic technology Lab Results and discussion N/Ti and N/O atomic ratios increased with increasing discharge power. N/TI ↑ → band-gap narrowing → absorbs light at less than 500 nm Fig. 3. N/Ti and N/O atomic ratios of the TiO2 films as a function of the discharge power.

  8. KUAS Chemical Engineering Bionic technology Lab Results and discussion Ti4+ Ti3+ (originating from the oxygen vacancies) • Ti2p3/2 • decreased with increasing • discharge power Fig. 4. Ti2p XPS spectra of the TiO2 films (a) before and (b)–(d) after nitrogen-plasma treatment. The discharge powers were (b) 30, (c) 50, and (d) 100 W.

  9. KUAS Chemical Engineering Bionic technology Lab Results and discussion 30 W decrease visible light absorption reason: the oxygen vacancies act as recombination centers for electrons and holes visible light activity increases with Ti–N bonds decrease with oxygen vacancies Fig. 5. Absorbance reduction at 664 nm due to methylene blue adsorbed on the surface of the TiO2 films irradiated with visible light as a function of discharge power.

  10. KUAS Chemical Engineering Bionic technology Lab Results and discussion • The kinetic energy of the nitrogen ions bombarding the TiO2 film is dependent on the DC bias voltage. • In magnetron increase in discharge power: • small increase in voltage • strong increase in current • * I=kVn • Result: • kinetic energy of the ions bombarding the film changes less • Ions number increases substantially. • heating of the film Fig. 6. Electron temperature and electron density in the nitrogen plasma as a function of discharge power.

  11. KUAS Chemical Engineering Bionic technology Lab Results and discussion • concentration of nitrogen ions (surface) • increased with collisions • increasing temperature: • negative nitrogen ions may diffuse into the film Fig. 6. Electron temperature and electron density in the nitrogen plasma as a function of discharge power.

  12. KUAS Chemical Engineering Bionic technology Lab Results and discussion 200℃ treatment Fig. 7. UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectra of TiO2 films (a) before the nitrogen-plasma treatment, (b) after the nitrogen-plasma treatment, and (c) after the nitrogen-plasma treatment and then the heat treatment. The discharge power was 100 W.

  13. KUAS Chemical Engineering Bionic technology Lab Results and discussion oxygen vacancies disappear Ti3+ Ti-N bonds substituted with oxygen atoms Fig. 8. N1s and Ti2p XPS spectra of the nitrogen-plasma-treated TiO2 film (a) before and (b) after the heat treatment. The discharge power was 100 W.

  14. KUAS Chemical Engineering Bionic technology Lab Conclusions • TiO2 film: • oxygen atoms are substituted with nitrogen atoms to formTi–N bonds. • increasing the number of Ti–N bonds: • visible light activity of the film is improved • decreasing the number of oxygen vacancies • plasma treatment: • nitrogen atoms are noticeably doped in the films • N-doping state becomes thermally stable

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