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Opportunistic Mycoses @ Cause disease in persons with poor immunity CANDIDA

Opportunistic Mycoses @ Cause disease in persons with poor immunity CANDIDA @ C. albicans causes thrush, vaginitis, and mucocutaneous infections. @ C albicans: oval yeast with a single bud. @ part of normal flora of URT, GIT and female genitalia.

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Opportunistic Mycoses @ Cause disease in persons with poor immunity CANDIDA

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  1. Opportunistic Mycoses @ Cause disease in persons with poor immunity CANDIDA @ C. albicans causes thrush, vaginitis, and mucocutaneous infections. @ C albicans: oval yeast with a single bud. @ part of normal flora of URT, GIT and female genitalia. @ Sugar fermentation differentiate it from C. tropicalis, and Torulopsisglabrata.

  2. C. albicans produces: * In mouth : white patches (thrush). * Vulvo-vaginitis with itching & discharge, * Fingers & nails when repeatedly put in water * Candida disseminates in immunosuppressed & IV drug abusers. Laboratory Diagnosis: @ Budding yeasts and pseudo hyphae are seen microscopically. @ Typical yeasts are seen on culture. @ Germ tubes in serum at 37ºC, distinguish C. albicans from most other Candida species @ Sugar fermentation.

  3. CRYPTOCOCCUS @ Cryptococcus neoformans causes meningitis. @ C neoformans is an oval, budding yeast surrounded by a wide polysaccharide capsule @ Occurs in soil containing pigeon droppings. @ Human infection results from inhalation of the organism. @ No human to human transmission. @ Infection may produce pneumonia. @ Disease more common in AIDS patients.

  4. Laboratory Diagnosis: @ In CSF mixed with India ink, the wide, unstained capsule is seen @ Culture from CSF and sputum. @ Serologic tests can be done. @ In CSF , capsular antigen is detected by the latex particle agglutination test

  5. ASPERGILLUS @ Aspergillus fumigatus causes infections of skin, eyes, ears. @ Aspergillus species exist only as hyphae. @ Found in decaying vegetation, & transmitted by airborne conidia. @ It invades lungs & produces hemoptysis & granulomas "fungus ball” @ It causes asthmatic symptoms. @ Aspergillus flavus grows on cereals or nuts & produces aflatoxins ( liver carcinogenic ).

  6. Laboratory Diagnosis of Aspergillosis @ Biopsy show branching hyphae @ Cultures show colonies with conidia. @ In patients with allergic asthma high levels of IgE are detected in serum.

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