The Oklahoma City Bombing

1. The Oklahoma City Bombing Timothy McVeigh: An American Terrorist

2. Timothy McVeigh • Born April 23, 1968 • Western New York • Loved the Outdoors • Interested in Guns

3. Joined the Army in 1988 • Expert Marksman • Gunner on Bradley Armored Fighting Vehicle • Served in Gulf War • 5 Medals for Service in War • Failed in Bid to Join Special Forces

4. “Army Buddies” • Terry Nichols • Older than other soldiers • Called “Old Man” • Michael Fortier • Fulfilling family tradition of military service

5. Disenchanted with Army • Passed out Copies of Turner Diaries • Mailing List for the KKK • Questioned the necessity of Gulf War • Turned down promotion and left army at end of 1991

6. Ruby Ridge, Idaho • Felt that government was intending to disarm the American public • August 21, 1992 • Federal Agents in gun battle trying to arrest Randy Weaver • Weaver’s wife and 14 year old son were killed during standoff

7. Waco, Texas • February 28, 1993 • Gun Battle between agents of ATF and members of David Koresh’s cult, the Branch Davidians • 4 Agents and 6 Cult Members Killed • Siege followed

8. McVeigh at Waco • Sold Bumper Stickers • “A man with a gun is a Citizen. A man without a gun is a Subject” • Interviewed by SMU student, Michelle Rauch • “The government is afraid. Afraid of guns people have because they have to have control of the people at all times. Once you take away the guns, you can do anything to the people.”

9. End of Waco Siege • McVeigh said the federal government had murdered the people at Waco • “Blood will flow in the streets, good vs. evil, freemen vs. socialist wannabe slaves.” • Began to experiment with chemicals that could be used to make a bomb

10. September 30 and October 18, 1994 • Terry Nichols purchased a combined total of 4,000 pounds of ammonium nitrate fertilizer • McVeigh purchased three drums of nitromethane racing fuel under the pretense of using it for motorcycle racing

11. Planning the Truck Bomb • This is a drawing by Timothy McVeigh diagramming the placement of 55-gallon drums filled with a combination of nitromethane and ammonium nitrate.

12. Picking the Target • Criteria for Potential Attack Sites: • Must have at least two of the following three federal law enforcement agencies: • ATF • FBI • DEA • Additional agencies such as the Secret Service and US Marshals would be a bonus • Considered buildings in Arkansas, Missouri, Oklahoma, Arizona, and Texas

13. Alfred P. Murrah Building • Opened in 1977 • Offices for ATF, DEA, and Secret Service • Front of building was glass that would shatter creating more damage • Plenty of open space allowing for news photos and television footage • High Body Count • Likened the federal employees in the building to the storm troopers in the movie, Star Wars

14. McVeigh’s Map

15. April 14-18, 1995 • Rented 20-foot Ryder Truck from Elliott’s Body Shop in Junction City, Kansas • Spent several nights at the Dreamland Motel

16. April 19, 1995 • Original Plan was to detonate the bomb at 11 a.m. but changed his mind and decided to detonate at 9 a.m. instead • These pictures show where the truck was parked

17. 9:02 a.m. • Blast occurred and was the equivalent of 3 tons of TNT • McVeigh claimed the force of the blast lifted him a full inch off the ground • He said buildings were wobbling from side to side and plate glass showered down into the street around him • Every building in a sixteen block area surrounding the blast was damaged. Some had to be demolished

19. A 4-foot long section of truck frame landed on the roof of a building two blocks away • The rear axle of the Ryder truck traveled 200 yards away and crashed down on the hood of a red Ford Festiva

20. 168 Killed and over 500 injured • 163 were in the Murrah Building • Nurse who rushed to the scene died while assisting in the rescue effort • Woman in Athenian building across the street • Man and Woman in Oklahoma Water Resources Building across the street • Woman killed as she was walking through a nearby parking lot • 20 more than the 148 Americans killed in the Gulf War • 8 were Federal Law Enforcement Agents • 99 worked for the Federal Government in some capacity • 19 children killed • Most of the dead would not be identified for several days; several took weeks to identify • Ages ranged from 3 months to 73 years old

21. 19 Children Killed • America’s Kids Day Care was on the second floor of the Murrah Building • McVeigh claimed," I didn’t know there was a day care center. I’ve never been in the building in my life.” • McVeigh never expressed any remorse over the deaths of the many federal employees in the building, just the children.

24. Arrest • McVeigh left Oklahoma City taking I-35 North • Claimed he left the license plate off his car on purpose • Pulled over by Trooper Charles Hanger for the missing plate

25. McVeigh exited the vehicle and Hanger noticed bulge underneath the jacket • McVeigh announced he had a loaded gun in a shoulder holster • Hanger pulled his weapon and arrested McVeigh • He was taken to Noble County Jail in Perry Oklahoma • Charged with transporting a loaded firearm in a motor vehicle; unlawfully carrying a weapon; failing to display a current license plate; and failing to maintain proof of insurance • Remained in Jail for two days awaiting his court appearance

26. Investigators found the rear axle and part of the rear bumper with Florida license plate • VIN number on rear axle along with the tag led to finding the truck had been rented in Junction City, Kansas • Composite sketches of Kling and another man were distributed • Dreamland Motel manager recognized Kling as Timothy McVeigh • APB showed that McVeigh was already in custody in Noble County on other charges

27. Federal Custody “He was arguably the most notorious despised criminal defendant in America since Lee Harvey Oswald. He had blown up an office building, killing 168 people of almost every age, race and religion.” • Michel and Herbeck, American Terrorist: Timothy McVeigh and the Oklahoma City Bombing, 276.

28. Refused to plead guilty to the charges against him, but he made no pretense of innocence to his lawyers. • He said his actions were a justifiable response to the tyranny of the federal government. • Wanted his lawyers to craft a “necessity defense” claiming the bombing was an absolute necessity • Wanted to use the trial to make his case about the federal government

29. Guilty On June 2, McVeigh was found Guilty on all eleven counts filed against him • Conspiracy to use a weapon of mass destruction • Use of such a weapon • Destruction of government property with explosives • 8 counts of first degree murder of the federal law enforcement agents killed in the blast On June 13, McVeigh was sentenced to death

30. Co-Conspirators • Nichols was sentenced to life in prison • Fortier became the chief witness for the prosecution and was sentenced to 11 years in prison • “There was no big conspiracy. It was mostly me. The few friends who helped me were acting under some duress, and none of them had any control over when I was going to blow up the Murrah building.”

31. Effects of Terrorism • Increase a sense of vulnerability and show the government cannot keep us safe • Use media coverage to get message to a larger audience • The coverage by the media can extend the horror far beyond the number of people immediately affected by the blast.

32. Oklahoma City Memorial “The bombing brought us to our knees, but we got back up. If anything, it made us stronger.” • Richard Williams, Assistant Manager of the Murrah Building