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The French Revolution

The French Revolution. Causes. Bankruptcy – loaning money to the U.S., fighting five wars in 100 years, and inability to tax the rich Inequality – the privileges of the nobility, the hard labour and poverty of the peasant class and the lack of representation in the Estates General

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The French Revolution

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  1. The French Revolution

  2. Causes • Bankruptcy – loaning money to the U.S., fighting five wars in 100 years, and inability to tax the rich • Inequality – the privileges of the nobility, the hard labour and poverty of the peasant class and the lack of representation in the Estates General • Middle Class- felt the burden of the bankruptcy, they were educated and they were aware of the privileges of the Nobility • Drought, famine and a weak king would tear France apart.

  3. Louis XVI (16)

  4. Tennis Court Oath • First Act of Defiance • June 1789 the 3rd Estate and members of the 1st Estate demand to be recognized as the new government of France (The National Assembly) and want a constitution. • 3 days later Louis grants them their wish

  5. Storming of the BastilleJuly 14th 1789 • First Violent act • The king had surrounded Paris • Thousands stormed the gates for gun powder and fire arms • Cut the heads off the Governor and paraded the streets • Sent the message to the rest of France that The AncienRegieme had lost control

  6. 1789 • August 4th – Feudal obligations are abolished • August 26th – Declaration of the Rights of Man. Protection from arbitrary arrest and guaranteed Rights and Freedoms • October 5th – Bread riots. Peasants march on Versailles and bring the royal family back to Paris. • Nobles begin to leave the country

  7. 1790 • French Church no longer had to obey the Pope • The first Constitution is established • They confiscated Church lands • Bishops and priests were no elected by the people

  8. Political Parties • Feuillants – Royalists • Girondins – Middle believed in the revolution but saw a place for the Monarchy • Jacobins – Radicals that called for the complete overhaul of Society • Sans-culottes – working class of Paris (angry mob

  9. Revolutionary Wars • By 1791 other countries were concerned of the revolution spreading • 1792 The Austrians threatened France if anything happened to Louis XVI and his wife • France declared war on Austria April 20th • France was invaded by Austria, Britain, Holland, Spain, Sicily and Sardinia • Levee en Mass – every French citizen was called to arms. Nationalistic army vs. Army of servitude

  10. September Massacres • Aug. 10th 1792 – Royal Family is taken into custody (they had tried to escape • Sept. 2nd 1792 – the Jacobins encourage people to storm the Prisons and kill the Political prisoners (Royalists). 1200 killed in five days • Jacobins declared a state of emergency because of the other countries invading = this will create a paranoid state. The enemies are amongst us

  11. September Massacres

  12. National Convention • The Monarchy is officially abolished • Louis XVI will be placed on Trial • Robespierre and the Jacobins have taken over and the Reign of terror will begin • Louis XVI is found guilty of treason and executed January 21st 1793 • June 2 ,1793 -29 Girondins deputies were executed for treason. Robespierre was getting rid of his enemies

  13. The Overhaul of France • New Calendar – 10 day weeks /3 weeks per month • Catholic Church was abolished (churches were stripped of their treasures • Streets were renamed Thousands stormed the gates for gun powder and fire arms

  14. The Great Terror • Rural France was appalled by the radicals • Many were rounded up and killed. 40 000 in total with 1376 in Paris alone • Robespierre created the Committee of public Safety. They were to decide the fate of those seen as the enemies of the Revolution • Spies were everywhere • Neighbours turned on Neighbours

  15. End of the Terror • Robespierre turned on Danton because Danton wanted to suspend the state of Emergency • Executions and the Republic of Virtue get ramped up • Robespierre claims he has a new list of traitors but the Convention turns on him and has him arrested and he is executed the next day

  16. The Rise of Napoleon • France would still undergo a period of instability • Every time a group didn’t get their way they would riot or threaten to overthrow the existing government • Napoleon would be the one to bring Stability to France in 1799. He would rule as a dictator and then an emperor (the people saw him as a hero and he brought France back to the brink of greatness.

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