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Genetic Diversity and Resistance Mechanisms of Acinetobacter baumannii: A PFGE and MLST Analysis

This study investigates the genetic diversity, resistance mechanisms, and clonal relationships of Acinetobacter baumannii using Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) and Multi-Locus Sequence Typing (MLST). We analyzed imipenem susceptibility and identified several ISAba1 associated resistance determinants, such as ADC and OXA carbapenemases, showing significant variation in Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values. The results provide insights into the ecological dynamics of A. baumannii and highlight the need for targeted strategies to combat antibiotic resistance in clinical settings.

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Genetic Diversity and Resistance Mechanisms of Acinetobacter baumannii: A PFGE and MLST Analysis

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  1. Clone PFGE/ST ADC OXA-51 OXA-24 OXA-58 Imipenem MIC (mg/L) 6 Ab1 / 79 ISAba1–ADC-1 ISAba1–OXA-65/66/76/79 ISAba2–OXA-58–ISAba3 >32 Ab2 / 79 ISAba1–ADC-1 ISAba1–OXA-65/66/76/79 ISAba2–OXA-58–ISAba3 4 Ab3 / 79 ISAba1–ADC-1 OXA-65/66/76/79 OXA-58–ISAba3 Ab4 / 79 ISAba1–ADC-1 ISAba1–OXA-65/66/76/79 ISAba2–OXA-58–ISAba3 6 Ab5 / 79 ISAba1–ADC-5 OXA-65/66/76/79 1.5 Ab6 / 79 ISAba1–ADC-5 OXA-65/66/76/79 3 Ab7 / 79 ISAba1–ADC-5 OXA-65/66/76/79 OXA-24 >32 Ab8 / 79 ISAba1–ADC-5 ISAba1–OXA-65/66/76/79 0.75 Ab9 / 80 ISAba1–ADC-1 OXA-64/99/132 OXA-24 >32 Ab9 / 80 ISAba1–ADC-1 OXA-64/99/132 OXA-24 >32 Ab10 / 80 ISAba1–ADC-1 OXA-64/99/132 OXA-24 >32 Ab11 / 80 ISAba1–ADC-1 OXA-64/99/132 OXA-24 >32 Ab12 / 80 ISAba1–ADC-1 OXA-64/99/132 OXA-24 >32 Ab13 / 80 ISAba1–ADC-1 OXA-64/99/132 OXA-24 >32 Ab14 / 80 ISAba1–ADC-1 OXA-64/99/132 OXA-24 >32 Ab15 / 80 ISAba1–ADC-1 OXA-64/99/132 OXA-24 >32 Ab16 / 80 ISAba1–ADC-1 OXA-64/99/132 OXA-24 >32 Ab19 / 80 ISAba1–ADC-1 OXA-64/99/132 OXA-24 >32 Ab18 / 80 ISAba1–ADC-1 OXA-64/99/132 OXA-24 >32 Ab17 / 80 ISAba1–ADC-1 OXA-64/99/132 OXA-24 >32 Ab20 / 81 ISAba1–ADC-11 OXA-69/92/112 8 ISAba2–OXA-58–ISAba3 Ab21 / 81 ISAba1–ADC-11-likeG342R OXA-69/92/112 1.5 Ab22 / 81 ISAba1–ADC-11-likeG342R OXA-69/92/112 0.75 Ab23 / 81 ISAba1–ADC-11-likeG342R OXA-69/92/112 8 ISAba2–OXA-58–ISAba3 Ab24 / 81 ISAba1–ADC-11-likeG342R OXA-69/92/112 >32 ISAba2–OXA-58–ISAba3 Ab25 / 81 ISAba1–ADC-11-likeG342R OXA-69/92/112 8 ISAba2–OXA-58–ISAba3 Ab31 / 2 ISAba1–ADC-1 OXA-65/66/76/79 OXA-24 >32 Ab32 / 2 ISAba1–ADC-1-likeP240S OXA-65/66/76/79 OXA-24 >32 Ab33 / 2 ISAba1–ADC-1 OXA-65/66/76/79 OXA-24 >32 Ab34 / 2 ISAba1–ADC-1-likeP240S OXA-65/66/76/79 OXA-24 >32 Ab35 / 2 ISAba1–ADC-1-likeP240S OXA-65/66/76/79 OXA-24 >32 Ab36 / 2 ISAba1–ADC-1 OXA-65/66/76/79 OXA-24 >32 Ab37 / 2 ISAba1–ADC-1 OXA-65/66/76/79 OXA-24 >32 Ab26 / 2 ISAba1–ADC-1 OXA-65/66/76/79 OXA-24 >32 Ab27 / 2 ISAba1–ADC-1 OXA-65/66/76/79 OXA-24 >32 Ab28 / 2 ISAba1–ADC-1 OXA-65/66/76/79 OXA-24 >32 OXA-24 Ab29 / 2 ISAba1–ADC-25 OXA-206 >32 D2 Ab30 / 2 ISAba1–ADC-1 OXA-65/66/76/79 OXA-24 >32 Ab38 / 2 ISAba1–ADC-1 OXA-65/66/76/79 OXA-24 >32 CLUSTER D Ab39 / 2 ISAba1–ADC-25 ISAba1–OXA-109 4 Ab40 / 2 ISAba1–ADC-25 ISAba1–OXA-109 3 Ab41 / 2 ISAba1–ADC-25 ISAba1–OXA-109 4 Ab42 / 2 ISAba1–ADC-25 ISAba1–OXA-109 4 Ab43 / 2 ISAba1–ADC-25 ISAba1–OXA-109 12 D4 Ab44 / 2 ISAba1–ADC-25 ISAba1–OXA-201 4 Ab45 / 2 ISAba1–ADC-25 ISAba1–OXA-109 4 Ab46 / 2 ISAba1–ADC-1 OXA-65/66/76/79 OXA-24 >32 D5 Ab47 / 2 ISAba1–ADC-1-likeP240S OXA-65/66/76/79 OXA-24 >32 Ab48 / 2 ISAba1–ADC-1-likeP240S OXA-65/66/76/79 OXA-24 >32 Ab49 / 2 ISAba1–ADC-29/30/57 OXA-65/66/76/79 IS18–OXA-58 >32 D6 Ab50 / 2 ISAba1–ADC-29/30/57 OXA-65/66/76/79 IS18–OXA-58 >32 Ab51 / 2 ISAba1–ADC-29/30/57 OXA-65/66/76/79 IS18–OXA-58 >32 Ab52 / 2 ISAba1–ADC-25 ISAba1–OXA-109 4 D7 Ab53 / 2 ISAba1–ADC-29/30/57 OXA-65/66/76/79 OXA-24 >32 Ab54 / 15 ADC-2 ISAba1–OXA-64/99/132 ISAba2–OXA-58–ISAba3 16 Ab55 / 32 ADC-11-likeQ163K OXA-89/100 OXA-24 >32 Ab56 / 3 ADC-2-likeN260H/T264N OXA-71 OXA-24 >32 Ab57 / 3 ADC-2-likeN260H/T264N OXA-71 OXA-24 >32 G3 Ab58 / 3 ADC-2-likeN260H/264N OXA-71 OXA-24 >32 Genetic similarity index (%) 100 55 60 70 75 80 85 90 95 65 A1 A2 B C D1 D3 E F G1 G2 Figure S1. Dendogram showing the genetic diversityof A. baumannii as determined by PFGE and MLST; ADC, CHO and IS patterns; and imipenem susceptibility. The broken line corresponds to the cut-off level (80%) used to define single PFGE clones. Dotted squares mark the boundaries of cluster D.

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