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Understanding Color Vision: The Science Behind How We See

Explore the intricate workings of our visual system in "Understanding Color Vision." This comprehensive overview delves into how our eyes perceive color through the trichromatic theory and opponent-process theory. Learn about the essential components of the eye, including the cornea, lens, iris, and pupil, as well as the fascinating role of the retina and its cones. Discover the importance of intensity and wavelength in color perception, along with the phenomena of color fatigue and afterimages.

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Understanding Color Vision: The Science Behind How We See

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Let’s Get Visual!

  2. What We See p. 125 • Hue • Visual experience specified by color names and related to the wavelength of light. • Intensity • Influences brightness and related to the amplitude of the light wave

  3. An Eye on the World • Cornea • Protects eye and bends light toward lens. • Lens • Focuses on objects by changing shape. • Iris • Controls amount of light that gets into eye. • Pupil • Widens or dilates to let in more light.

  4. Volunteer Time!!

  5. The Structures of the Retina

  6. Do we see with our eyes or our brains? The Optical Spiral

  7. Hubel & Wiesel’s Experiment • Much visual processing is done in the brain. • Feature Detectors • Some cortical cells respond to lines in specific orientations • Other cells in the cortex respond to other shapes

  8. How We See Colors • Young Helmholtz Trichromatic theory • Opponent process theory

  9. Trichromatic Theory • Young (1802) & von Helmholtz (1852) both proposed that the eye detects 3 primary colors: • red, blue, & green • All other colors can be derived by combining these three.

  10. Opponent-Process Theory • A competing theory of color vision, which assumes that the visual system treats pairs of colors as opposing or antagonistic. • Opponent-Process cells are inhibited by a color, and have a burst of activity when it is removed.

  11. What’s Happening? • In the retina of your eyes, there are 3 types of color receptors (cones) that are most sensitive to either red, blue or green. • When you stare at a particular color for too long, these receptors get "tired" or "fatigued." • When you then look at the white background, the receptors that are tired do not work as well. • Therefore, the information from all of the different color receptors is not in balance and you see the color "afterimages." • You can see that you vision quickly returns to normal.

  12. Test of Color Deficiency

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