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FINANCIAL ANALYSIS OF COMMON STOCKS

Learn the reasons behind financial analysis of common stocks, from determining security characteristics to identifying mispriced securities using fundamental analysis. Explore ratios, profitability metrics, and market value ratios for sound investment decisions.

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FINANCIAL ANALYSIS OF COMMON STOCKS

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  1. FINANCIAL ANALYSIS OF COMMON STOCKS www.pptmart.com

  2. FINANCIAL ANALYSIS • REASONS FOR FINANCIAL ANALYSIS • TWO PRIMARY REASONS • to determine certain securities’ characteristics • to attempt to identify mispriced securities www.pptmart.com

  3. FINANCIAL ANALYSIS • REASON #1: DETERMINING SECURITY CHARACTERISTICS • estimate future sensitivity to major factors • estimate dividend yield www.pptmart.com

  4. FINANCIAL ANALYSIS • REASON #2: ATTEMPTING TO IDENTIFY MISPRICED SECURITIES • use fundamental analysis • approaches • valuation determines the intrinsic value compared to the current market value • estimate key financial variables such as • EPS next year • income growth next year www.pptmart.com

  5. FUNDAMENTAL ANALYSIS • TOP-DOWN V. BOTTOM UP • TOP-DOWN APPROACH • attempts to forecast in the following order 1. economic activity 2. industry performance 3. firm’s performance www.pptmart.com

  6. FUNDAMENTAL ANALYSIS Economic Analysis www.pptmart.com

  7. FUNDAMENTAL ANALYSIS • FINANCIAL STATEMENT ANALYSIS • INTEGRAL PART OF FUNDAMENTAL ANALYSIS • it helps the analyst understand a firm’s current condition • where it is headed • what factors affect it • how the factors affect it www.pptmart.com

  8. FUNDAMENTAL ANALYSIS • FINANCIAL STATEMENT ANALYSIS • Review of Accounting Statements • includes a study of the three major statements prepared monthly by most accountants: • the balance sheet • the income statement • the statement of cash flows www.pptmart.com

  9. FUNDAMENTAL ANALYSIS • FINANCIAL STATEMENT ANALYSIS • RATIO ANALYSIS • DEFINITION: a technique used to examine a company’s financial statements • Use of Ratios • as an absolute standard • as a comparative indicator • as a trend over time www.pptmart.com

  10. FUNDAMENTAL ANALYSIS • FINANCIAL STATEMENT ANALYSIS • RATIO ANALYSIS • Types of Ratios • internal liquidity • operating performance • risk analysis • growth analysis • profitability • market ratios www.pptmart.com

  11. FUNDAMENTAL ANALYSIS • internal liquidity ratios: • indicate the ability of the firm to meet future short-term financial obligations • some liquidity ratios: • current ratio • quick ratio • cash ratio • receivables turnover www.pptmart.com

  12. FUNDAMENTAL ANALYSIS • operating performance ratios: • indicate how well the management is operating the business • some examples: • total asset turnover • net fixed asset turnover • equity turnover www.pptmart.com

  13. FUNDAMENTAL ANALYSIS • risk analysis ratios: • indicates the uncertainty of income flows for the total firm and for the individual sources of capital (debt and stock) • some examples: • debt to equity ratio • long-term debt/total capital ratio www.pptmart.com

  14. FUNDAMENTAL ANALYSIS • growth analysis ratios: • indicate how fast a firm should grow • it involves analysis using several other ratios • net profit margin • total asset turnover • total assets/equity www.pptmart.com

  15. FUNDAMENTAL ANALYSIS Profitability Ratios • Gross Margin • Gross profit / Sales • Operating Margin • Operating income / Sales • ROA • Net income / Total assets • ROE • Net income / Owner’s equity www.pptmart.com

  16. FUNDAMENTAL ANALYSIS Per Share Calculations • Book Value Per Share (BVPS) • Total equity / # shares outstanding • Earnings Per Share (EPS) • Net income / # shares outstanding • Cash Flow Per Share (CFPS) • Operating cash flow / # shares outstanding www.pptmart.com

  17. FUNDAMENTAL ANALYSIS Market Value Ratios • Price / Book (or Market / Book) • Stock price / BVPS • Price / Earnings (P/E) • Stock price / EPS • Price / Cash flow (P/CF) • Stock price / CFPS www.pptmart.com

  18. Sources of Information • Annual reports • Wall Street Journal • Value Line • Standard & Poor’s • Research Insight www.pptmart.com

  19. Sources of Information • Internet • NYSE (www.nyse.com) • Nasdaq (www.nasdaq.com) • Text (www.mhhe.com/cj) • CNNfn.com • CNBC.com • Yahoo.com • Zacks.com • Smartmoney.com • Multex.com • MSNBC.com • Quicken.com www.pptmart.com

  20. Sources of Information • SEC • EDGAR • 10K & 10Q reports www.pptmart.com

  21. TECHNICAL ANALYSIS • DEFINITION: a form of security analysis that attempts to forecast price changes based on historical price and volume trends www.pptmart.com

  22. TECHNICAL ANALYSIS • Two Groups of Strategies Used: 1. Momentum and Contrarian Strategies 2. Moving Average and Trading Range Breakout Strategies www.pptmart.com

  23. Technical Analysis • Support and resistance areas • Support level / Bottom feeders • Resistance level / Topping out / profit taking • Breakouts www.pptmart.com

  24. TECHNICAL ANALYSIS 1. Momentum and Contrarian Strategies • METHDOLOGY: • examine the returns over a time period just ended to identify • momentum investors who seek out stocks recently rising in price for purchase; falling for sale • contrarians who follow the opposite strategy of most investors • contrarians base their strategy on the overreaction theory www.pptmart.com

  25. TECHNICAL ANALYSIS 2. Moving Average and Trading Range Breakout Strategies • MOVING AVERAGE STRATEGY: • calculate a moving average over the last 200 days of closing prices • divide today’s closing price into the moving average (SHORT-TO-LONG RATIO) • if short-to-long ratio is greater than 1, buy • if ratio is less than 1, sell www.pptmart.com

  26. TECHNICAL ANALYSIS • 2. Moving Average and Trading Range Breakout Strategies • TRADING RANGE BREAKOUT STRATEGY: • high and low prices for past 200 trading days are identified • if today’s close is greater than the high = buy! • if today’s close is less than the low = sell! www.pptmart.com

  27. TECHNICAL ANALYSIS Reading the tea leaves… • Advance / decline line: Closing Arms or Trin • Relative strength • Moving averages • Candlestick chart • Chart formations: head-and-shoulders www.pptmart.com

  28. www.pptmart.com

  29. Trin = Declining volume / Declines Advancing volume / Advances Examples • Closing Arms: Trin Values > 1 considered bearish www.pptmart.com

  30. Examples • Advance/Decline Line Calculation Issues Issues Weekday Advancing Declining Difference Cumulative THU 1,162 1,888 -726 -726 FRI 2,275 1,198 1,077 351 MON 1,203 1,849 -646 -295 TUE 1,187 1,878 -691 -986 WED 1,739 1,311 428 -558 THU 2,193 910 1,283 725 FRI 2,178 974 1,204 1,929 MON 1,540 1,525 15 1,944 TUE 1,660 1,540 120 2,064 www.pptmart.com

  31. www.pptmart.com

  32. Examples • Relative strength: Charts performance relative to industry or market Value Line Timeliness* Price performance/Average performance of V-L Stocks www.pptmart.com

  33. 11 + 12 + 14 = 12.33 3 Moving Average 12 + 14 + 13 = 13.00 3 www.pptmart.com

  34. Moving Average Graph www.pptmart.com

  35. Candlestick Making www.pptmart.com

  36. Head and Shoulders Formation www.pptmart.com

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