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BACK TO WHERE IT ALL BEGAN…

BACK TO WHERE IT ALL BEGAN…. THE MIDDLE EAST. Iran. Mohammad Reza Pahlavi  T he Shah of Iran 26 October 1919 – 27 July 1980 last  Shah of Iran from 16 September 1941

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BACK TO WHERE IT ALL BEGAN…

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  1. BACK TO WHEREIT ALL BEGAN… THE MIDDLE EAST

  2. Iran Mohammad Reza Pahlavi  The Shah of Iran 26 October 1919 – 27 July 1980 • last Shah of Iran from 16 September 1941 • His dream of what he referred to as a "Great Civilization" in Iran led to a rapid industrial and military modernization, as well as economic and social reforms.

  3. Iran Shah Pahlavi • Helped to power by U.S.(Keep flow of Oil and Build middle eastern democracy) • Built industries • Gave oil contracts to Foreign companies • Women were educated • Recognized Israel

  4. Iran Shah Pahlavi • Helped to power by U.S. • Built industries • Gave oil contracts to Foreign companies • Women were educated • Recognized Israel …Everything that the Islamic hardliners were against • Secret police terrorized opponents • Sharia hardliners, created anger in Iran

  5. Iranand the Hostage Crisis Iranian Revolution – 1979 Ayatollah Khomeini • Shah violated Islamic Law • Established Islamic Republic – Sharia Law • Disbanded Secular courts • Negated Women’s rights Became isolated from international Community.

  6. Iran–Iraq War 22 September 1980 – August 1988 • when Iraq invaded Iran • Iraq wanted to replace Iran as the dominant Persian Gulf state • was worried that the 1979 Iranian Revolution would lead Iraq's Shi'ite majority to rebel against the Ba'athist government. • The war also followed a long history of border disputes • Iraq planned to annex the oil-rich Provinces • Although Iraq hoped to take advantage of Iran's post-revolutionary chaos but Iran regained virtually all lost territory by June 1982

  7. Iran–Iraq War 22 September 1980 – August 1988 • People’s Mujahedin of Iran siding wth Iraq • Iraqi Kurdish militias sided with Iran • The United States, Soviet Union, France, and most Arab countries provided support for Iraq.

  8. After eight years of defeat, world tensions, and increased U.S.–Iran military tension all led to a ceasefire brokered by the United Nations. • The conflict has been compared to World War I in terms of the tactics • including large-scale trench warfare with barbed wire • manned machine guns posts • Iranian human wave attacks • extensive use of chemical weapons by Iraq • An estimated 500,000 Iraqi and Iranian soldiers died, in addition to a smaller number of civilians. • The end of the war resulted in neither reparations nor border changes. Iran–Iraq War 22 September 1980 – August 1988

  9. 911 September 11, 2001 19 Arab terrorists hijacked four airliners • Two crashed into the World Trade Towers • One crashed into the Pentagon • One crashed into a Pennsylvania field when passengers attacked the terrorist – The plane was headed for the White House

  10. 911 September 11, 2001 About 3,000 died Over 300 New York City firefighters and 40 police officers who ran into the buildings to help evacuate citizens http://www.demotix.com/news/827232/firefighters-honour-first-responders-911-twin-tower-attacks

  11. Hunting for the Terrorists Osama Bin Laden (Saudi Arabia) organized the attacks Bin Laden spent some time hiding in Afghanistan protected by the Taliban Regime linked to the al-Qaeda (Terrorist)

  12. Hunting for the Terrorists Osama Bin Laden (Saudi Arabia) organized the attacks Bin Laden spent some time hiding in Afghanistan protected by the Taliban Regime linked to the al-Qaeda (Terrorist) After the Taliban refused to hand Bin Laden over to the US, the US attacked Afghanistan

  13. Hunting for the Terrorists Osama Bin Laden (Saudi Arabia) Bin Laden found in house about one mile from Pakistan military base. United States Navy SEALs of the U.S. Naval Special Warfare Development Group killed Bin Laden and several others in night raid May 2, 2011

  14. Operation Iraqi Freedom • Saddam Hussein defied UN weapons inspectors

  15. Operation Iraqi Freedom • Saddam Hussein defied UN weapons inspectors • Many believed that Hussein was stockpiling Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) • He threatened to use them if UN Troops came into Iraq

  16. Operation Iraqi Freedom The US launched Operation Iraqi Freedom March 2003

  17. Toppling of authoritarian regimes—in Iraq, Libya, and Syria—create power vacuums. American pull out of Iraq prior to 2012 elections allowed for ISIS to rise with little opposition March 2019 fall of Isis? https://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/insidestory/2019/03/isil-defeated-190323160623865.html ISIS (Isil)Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant

  18. “I am sorry for America,” Sidawi said. “You are stuck. You have become a country of the Middle East. America will never change Iraq, but Iraq will change America.” … “You will learn the culture of death,” warned Sidawi. - Syrian businessman, Raja Sidawi ISIS (Isil)

  19. Impact on American Life • Since the terrorist movements of the PLO, terrorist attacks are no longer seen as some distant issue, but in our own backyards • Wave of anti-Muslim sentiments within the United States

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