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Ocean Salinity in Climate: Current Status and Future Initiatives

This report highlights the crucial role of ocean salinity in climate and outlines recent activities and research findings discussed in various meetings and workshops, emphasizing the importance of salinity observations for climate research and prediction. The report also presents strategies for further enhancing ocean salinity monitoring and its impact on climate change studies.

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Ocean Salinity in Climate: Current Status and Future Initiatives

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  1. USCLIVAR Salinity Working Group Status Report Activities • Role of Ocean Salinity in Climate I, II, III at the Ocean Sciences Meeting in Honolulu, February, 2006 • US CLIVAR Salinity Workshop held in Woods Hole, MA 8-10 May followed by the NASA Aquarius Science Team Meeting • EOS meeting report • whitepaper Ray Schmitt & Jim Carton

  2. Objectives • Weather & Water • Closure of Marine Hydrological Cycle • Climate/Climate Change Research • Circulation: Meridional Overturning, Subtropical Cells, etc. • Dynamically Vital and as Tracer • Alkalinity, CO2 Air-Sea Exchange Rate • Climate Prediction • Seasonal/Interannual Air-Sea Interaction (Barrier Layers) • Improved Thermal Structure in Assimilations • Density-Driven Circulation • Climate Application • Ground truth for Aquarius/SMOS( 2009/2007) • Nearshore, fisheries, biogeochemistry

  3. Aquarius / SAC-D Salinity Mission • Launch in 2009, 3yr mission • Orbit: 98o inclination, coverage every 7 dy • 390 km swath width • Radiometer: 1.43GHz polarimetric radiometer • Accuracy: 0.2psu, 150km !.4GHz (L-band) Brightness Temp Temperature

  4. Atlantic salt storage (1985-99 minus 1955-69) Eq R. CURRY ET AL., NATURE 426, 826 (2003)

  5. Freshening of the subpolar North Atlantic Dickson, et. al., Nature, 2002

  6. LONG-TERM TRENDS Trend : psu / 30 years = - 0.12 - 0.23 - 0.29 - 0.32 (-0.11) T. Delcroix

  7. Developing Observing System • In situ SSS observations • Maintain Argo Program • SSS on Global Drifter Program • Expand Thermosalinographs on VOS • {Surface ARGO Salinity Measurements (Upper 5-m sensor)} • Maintain/Expand Tropical/subtropical Moored Arrays • Climate Prediction, Climate Research • Expanded Flux Buoys • Polar & Subpolar Salinity Observations • Deep Ocean Ventilation & Sequestration via Convection, Overflows, & Passages (Climate Change Research, Climate Prediction) • Glider Lines • S sensors on all IOOS Moorings, Platforms and Vehicles • Paleo-Salinity Estimators (Climate Change/Research)

  8. Process-oriented budget experiment – tropics-subtropics

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