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Lecture on Introduction to Human Anatomy

Lecture on Introduction to Human Anatomy. www.AssignmentPoint.com. Chapter Objectives. Define study of Anatomy Identify the levels of organization Understand anatomical and directional terminology to be used during course Review body cavities and lining membranes

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Lecture on Introduction to Human Anatomy

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  1. Lecture on Introduction to Human Anatomy www.AssignmentPoint.com

  2. Chapter Objectives Define study of Anatomy Identify the levels of organization Understand anatomical and directional terminology to be used during course Review body cavities and lining membranes Immerse yourself into the language of Anatomy

  3. Anatomy (= to cut open) • Gross Anatomy • Microscopic Anatomy • Developmental Anatomy (study of first 2 months of development: _?_) • Comparative Anatomy

  4. Gross Anatomy • Surface Anatomy (Ch 12) • Regional Anatomy (superficial and internal features in specific area of body, e.g. head and neck....) • Systemic Anatomy(11 organ systems)

  5. 11 Organ systems different organs work together to provide specialized functions • Body Coverings • Support & Movement • Integration & coordination • Transport • Absorption / Excretion • Reproduction

  6. Microscopic Anatomy • Cytology (mostly EM pictures) • Histology SEM TEM

  7. Anatomy at Different Scales (Metric Scale) Fig 1.1

  8. Levels of Organization: See figs. 1.3 & 1.4 COHN – 99.5% 99.9% =

  9. Anatomy & the Importance of a Precise Vocabulary • Language of Anatomy based mostly on . . . ? • Also Eponyms (= ?)

  10. Superficial Anatomy Generally consider body in Anatomical Position while studied Two other positions: supine and prone Anatomical Directions Anterior vs. ?; medial vs. ?; superior vs. ? . . . Etc. . . . Proximal vs. distal

  11. Anatomical Regions: Take words apart!

  12. In the clinic: Abdomino-pelvic Regions

  13. Sectional Anatomy 3 sectional planes: • transverse ( or cross) section • frontal (or coronal) section • sagittal section (mid- and para-)

  14. Dorsal Ventral Fig 1.14 Body Cavities

  15. Clinical Discussion: Sectional Anatomy and Clinical Technology • Avoid “cutting open” • Computers integrate raw data transmitted by electrical signals • Radiological procedures: • X-rays • CT • MRI

  16. X-ray of skull Traditional: X-rays Since 1895 Radiodensity of different tissues Varies: Denser tissues absorb more radiation Disadvantage? Best for bones and some tumors and tuberculosis nodules in lungs

  17. X-rays and Contrast Medium • Use of • heavy elements such as _______, • iodinated molecules etc.etc.

  18. Clinical Discussion: The visible Human Produce series of sections in one sectional plane at small intervals Combine to reconstruct the 3-D object (serial reconstruction) Allows for very exact analysis of complex structures Male sectioned at 1 mm intervals, female at 0.33 mm intervals.

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