e-Science, the Grid and… will they change research?!

1. e-Science, the Grid and…will they change research?! Prof. Paul Jeffreys Director Oxford e-Science Centre http://e-science.ox.ac.uk/ Professorial Fellow, Keble College paul.jeffreys@oucs.ox.ac.uk 1

2. Introduction • There is an activity which:- • Tony Blair (and many other leaders!) has (have) enthused about • The UK Office of Science and Technology has invested £0.25b • The investment of public funds is estimated to be at least € 2b • Has resulted in world-leading new research • Addresses issues in the Lambert Review of Business-University Collaboration • (http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/consultations_and_legislation /lambert/consult_lambert_index.cfm) • and .. if you believe the previous Director General of the Research Councils.. • “will change the dynamic of the way science is undertaken" 2

3. Talk Outline • Preliminaries and definitions • Example • UK e-Science and the Grid • International developments • Overview of e-Science in Oxford • Future vision for e-Research • Change way research is done • Component of Information Society 3

4. Preliminaries 4

5. Front page FT, 7th Mar 2000 “‘The Grid’, as it is provisionally known, will work far more quickly and reliably than today’s internet. It should eventually enable computer users to receive exactly the information they want from anywhere in the world within seconds – and without having to go through a tortuous search process.” 5

6. Blair’s speech on British Science • http://politics.guardian.co.uk/speeches/story/0,11126,721029,00.html “It's significant that the UK is the first country to develop a national e-Science grid, which intends to make access to computing power, scientific data repositories and experimental facilities as easy as the web makes access to information. One of the pilot e-science projects is to develop a digital mammographic archive, together with an intelligent medical decision support system for breast cancer diagnosis and treatment. An individual hospital will not have supercomputing facilities, but through the grid it could buy the time it needs.” PM Tony Blair, July 2002 6

7. What is the Grid? • “… a software infrastructure that enables flexible, secure, coordinated resource sharing among dynamic collections of individuals, institutions and resources” [The Grid, eds. Foster & Kesselman] • “an emergent infrastructure capable of delivering dependable, pervasive and uniform access to a set of globally distributed, dynamic and heterogeneous resources. It brings challenges of scalability, interoperability, fault tolerance, resource management and security” [Tony Hey] 7

8. e-Science • John Taylor, previous Director General of the Research Councils, OST • is about research increasingly done through distributed global collaborations enabled by the Internet (e.g. human genome program, LHC/CERN) • uses very large data collections, terascale computing resources,high performance visualisation • and col-laboratories – support for trusting teams e-Science will change the dynamics of how research is done 8

9. A Definition of e-Research ‘e-Research is about global collaboration in key research areas, and the next generation of infrastructure that will enable it.’ 9

10. “Behind the Wall”, “In Front of the Wall”, “Through the Wall” “Behind the wall” “In front of the wall” InformationUsers Utility - people - resources - devices - compute - data - comms “Through the Wall” Col-laboration & interaction between people 10

11. “Behind The Wall”: today - many “bits of walls”, ad hoc Client-Server HPC Experiment Storage Analysis HPC Experiment Computing Storage Analysis HPC Scientist 11

12. “Behind The Wall”: next generation-InformationUtilities and col-laboratories Experiment Analysis Computing Storage Storage Experiment Analysis Computing Storage Computing MIDLEWARE Scientist GRID Scientist Scientist 12

13. An example to catch the imagination 13

15. Breast cancer facts • 10% of Western women develop breast cancer • 19% cancer deaths, 24% cancer cases • 500,000 cases annually in EC and USA • early diagnosis massively improves prognosis • screening programs, eg in UK 3 million mammograms per year • 55 million mammograms per year world wide • 20% cancers are missed by radiologists at screening • 70-80% biopsies turn out to be benign • 30% inter- and intra-radiologist variability • 22% of films are “lost” between visits • 5% of images need to be re-taken • a 1cm tumor has typically been in the body for 6-8 years

16. UK Breast Screening – Today Began in 1988 Women 50-64 Screened Every 3 Years 1 View/Breast Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland England (8 Regions) 92 Breast Screening Centres Each centre sees 5K-20K images/yr Paper Film 1.5M - Screened in 2001-02 65,000 - Recalled for Assessment 8,545 – Cancers detected 300 - Lives per year Saved 230 – Radiologists “Double Reading” Statistics from NHS Cancer Screening web site

17. UK Breast Screening – Challenges Women 50-70 Screened Every 3 Years 2 Views/Breast + Demographic Increase Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland England (8 Regions) 92 Breast Screening Programmes Up to 50K/yr per centre Digital Digital 2,000,000 - Screened every Year 120,000 - Recalled for Assessment 10,000 - Cancers 1,250 - Lives Saved 230 - Radiologists “double Reading” 50% - Workload Increase

18. eDiamond aims • construct a federated database of mammograms • contribute to Grid middleware development • contribute to HealthGrid development in UK, Europe • aims to support the UK Breast Screening Program Novel image analysis, federation of large data sets owned by hospitals, and levels of access to that data

19. end-user project goals • Teaching tool for radiologists, radiographers • St George’s Hospital • Tele-diagnosis • Edinburgh Breast Screening Unit, W. of Scotland • Algorithm development: data mining • Oxford Radcliffe Breast Care Unit • Epidemiology • Guy’s Hospital, London • Quality control • Oxford Medical Vision Laboratory Clinicians want to use the Grid & they profoundly wish to remain ignorant about how it works

20. For several years, I had wanted to find a way to gain the statistical power I needed for medical image analysis – the Grid offers the potential to provide it! And, not just for medical image analysis … Why is the Grid needed? • mammograms are typical of medical images • many parameters (potentially) of interest • relatively few images gathered at each individual centre • insufficient statistical power in the database garnered from a small number of centres • The Grid provides the statistical power at acceptable bandwidth and with guarantees on secure image/data transmission

21. The Grid is for all of scholarship • Specialised image corpora & knowledge are widely dispersed through the world • The humanities have much to teach science about curation of large datasets, ontology development, and development of metadata

22. UK e-Science Programme & International Developments 22

23. SR2000 e-Science Allocation DG Research Councils Grid TAG E-Science Steering Committee Director Director’s Management Role Director’s Awareness and Co-ordination Role Generic Challenges EPSRC (£15m), DTI (£15m) Academic Application Support Programme Research Councils (£74m), DTI (£5m) PPARC (£26m) BBSRC (£8m) MRC (£8m) NERC (£7m) ESRC (£3m) EPSRC (£17m) CLRC (£5m) £80m Collaborative projects Industrial Collaboration (£40m) 23

24. SR2000+SR2002 e-Science Funding Total for e-Science from Spending Reviews £M 2001/2 2002/3 2003/4 2004/5 2005/6 TOTAL MRC 1.0 2.0 5.0 6.9 6.2 21.1 BBSRC 1.0 2.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 18.0 NERC 1.0 2.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 15.0 EPSRC 6.0 13.0 22.0 17.2 19.5 77.7 Of which:- HPC 0.0 3.0 6.0 0.0 2.5 11.5 Core Prog 3.0 6.0 6.0 8.2 8.0 31.2 PPARC 3.0 8.0 15.0 16.4 15.2 57.6 ESRC 0.0 1.0 2.0 5.5 5.1 13.6 CCLRC 1.0 1.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 10.0 TOTAL 13.0 29.5 55.5 57.5 57.5 213.0 24

25. UK e-Science Grid Edinburgh Glasgow DL Newcastle Belfast Manchester Cambridge Oxford Hinxton RAL Cardiff London Southampton 25

26. e-Science Centres of Excellence • Birmingham/Warwick – Modelling • Bristol – Media • UCL – Networking • White Rose Grid – Leeds, York, Sheffield • Lancaster – Social Science • Leicester – Astronomy • Reading - Environment 26

27. UK e-Science Grid – phase 2 Edinburgh Glasgow DL Newcastle Belfast Manchester Cambridge Oxford RL Hinxton Cardiff London Soton 27

28. UK e-Science Timeframes 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 SR2000 * * * SR2002 * * * SR2004 * * * SJ5/AAA Service * * LHC/LCG * 28

29. Particle Physics Grid • Growing links with Particle Physics Grid • Crucially important for next generation of experiments at CERN • Huge investment (UK £100+m in capital equipment alone) • Oxford - integral part of ‘Southern Tier 2’ in UK particle physics Grid • Important factor in development towards national ‘persistent Grid’ • EGEE instrumental • International compatibility • PP Grid has to be connected internationally! 29

30. Recent International Developments • Enterprise Grid Alliance: • “Leading technology companies today launched the Enterprise Grid Alliance (EGA), a consortium formed to develop enterprise grid solutions and accelerate the deployment of grid computing in enterprises. • http://xml.coverpages.org/ni2004-04-20-a.html • The EGA consortium has been formed to "encourage and accelerate movement to an open grid environment through interoperability solutions." • Companies having representatives on the EGA Board of Directors include EMC, Fujitsu-Siemens, HP, Intel, NEC, Network Appliance, Oracle, and Sun.” • “Microsoft, IBM, and BEA Systems have released a trio of proposed Web Services standards to address several unmet requirements to realise the promises of the services-oriented application model.” • Will underpin “Grid Services” 30

31. Information-based society.. • e-Research and the Grid are contributors to the Information-based society • e-Research/Grid part of the ‘forces driving change’:- • UK Grid • e-Science projects are stretching the underpinning IT infrastructure • e-Research/Grid also part of process of migration to Information Society:- • On-Demand resources • Integration (especially of databases) • Inter-connection or col-laboratories (eg Oxford and Auckland) • Irving Wladawsky-Berger: • “We see a world where more integration is needed, better management of information, and greater flexibility” • Vision applies directly to e-Research; • Information Society operating within academic framework… • NB e-Research is closely coupled to industry as will be demonstrated!! 31

32. Oxford e-Science 32

33. Oxford e-Science Centre • Summary: • In 2.5 years - grown to significant activity • Supports and expands knowledge in, and use of, e-Science/Grid • e-Science activities in at least 15 departments • Portfolio of exciting research projects • Strong contribution to UK e-Science Core Programme • Creating persistent, robust and reliable national infrastructure • Part of UK national Grid (one of 4 nodes) • £20m flowed into and through University • Offers e-Science support for region • Close relationships with IBM and CCLRC (UK national laboratory) 33

34. OeSC ‘Objectives’ • Establish Oxford as regional centre on UK national Grid • Thereby establish Grid connections for our researchers • Make our resources available on the Grid • Support groups throughout University undertaking national and international e-Science projects (and other Grid activities), and link with companies • Provide support infrastructure:- registration, certificate authorisation, training, documentation, security, services • Share development, coordinate and optimise across projects • Disseminate • Commission ‘intranet Grid’ • Share resources across university • 3000 cpus ! 34

35. Collaborating OU Departments • Biochemistry • Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics • Engineering • Materials • Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics • Zoology • Physics • Oxford Internet Institute • Said Business School • Begbroke Business Park • University Library Services • Clinical Trials Unit • Pharmacology and NTRAC • Departments in Humanities 35

36. 2 Crucial e-Science Components • Software Engineering Programme Team http://www.softeng.ox.ac.uk/ • Essential contribution to OeSC • Contribute five academic staff, plus a number of dedicated researchers, to the e-Science team • Expertise in design, requirements, and security • Doctoral Training Centre http://www.stats.ox.ac.uk/~mcvean/DTC.htm • Providing training in general research and communication skills is crucial to the future development of interdisciplinary research • Opportunity to share much of the training needed for e-Science 36

37. IBM Others.. Southampton Birkbeck, LRC, Birmingham, Nottingham, York CLRC Nottingham Leeds UCL Birmingham Auckland IBM, Mirada Cambridge NTRAC UCL Univ. Wales Manchester (Singapore) IBM St. Georges, Guy's, Churchill, St. Thomas' NHS Trust Hospitals; Breast Screening Centres in Edinburgh, Glasgow, Aberdeen Univ. CLRC BioSimGrid NCRI Tissue Bank All Universities in UK PP Integrative Biology High Throughput Structural Biology e-DiaMoND + Resource Man. IBM, Virage, Boxer System Ltd, Square Box Systems, Int DOI CERN Grid PP Tier 2 2 Globus Gatekeepers - Linux Cluster (Condor) - Supercomputer OeSC http://e-science.ox.ac.uk Access Grid nodes JISC testbed cluster Network Monitoring L2G/ETF/STF/TAG/GOC/ATF Video Works CLRC CLRC Oxford Brookes EDG CERN Security + Data Man. EDG Remote Microscopy JEOL MIMAS, Eduserve DCOCE Climate Prediction CLRC Open University JISC Collaborative Visualisation MIAS-Grid Geodise National Cosmos Grid + Rem. Vis. Dynamic brain Atlas Dame Reality Grid

38. Strategic Partnership with IBM • Relationship built over many years – now reached new levels • Strategic alliance in e-Science with emphasis on Life Sciences • Partnership framework signed on 21 January by VC and Director of Hursley • “A partnership between IBM and the University of Oxford will create a framework for recognising, consolidating, and sustaining the collaboration that already exists. It will take advantage of emerging opportunities for collaboration across the disciplines, and promote the exchange of ideas, resources, and talent between the two organisations.” • University: • academic research and scientific vision • IBM: • expertise in industrial research and development • options for deployment and exploitation • Built on excellent collaboration forged in e-DiaMoND 38

39. e-Science/e-Research Vision 39

40. e-Research – a new paradigm • The invention and exploitation of advanced IT • to generate, curate and analyse research data • From experiments, observations and simulations • Quality management, preservation and reliable evidence • to develop and explore models and simulations • Computation and data at extreme scales • Trustworthy, economic, timely and relevant results • to enable dynamic distributed virtual organisations • Facilitating collaboration with information and resource sharing • Security, reliability, accountability, manageability and agility • Training and teaching crucially important 40

41. e-Research • Developing e-Research • Represents a new academic paradigm • Requires a combination of expertise and resources • Facilitates world leading research, new opportunities for deployment, exciting partnerships • In Oxford – driven as application-led e-Research • Embracing computer science and computer services • Includes Humanities • Blended within University: OeSC, OSC, SEP and DTC • Set of skills completed - through partnership with IBM • Expertise and resources for the realisation and deployment of designs, on a national, industrial scale • e-Research -- an approach which goes beyond existing University structures and discipline boundaries 41

42. Research – has it changed? • e-Science has already changed research in Universities • e-DiaMoND, Integrative Biology, … • New capabilities to form col-laboratories (eg Oxford-Auckland) • But .. e-Science is a path to development of interdisciplinary research • Very exciting opportunities • Vision for future:- • e-Science/e-Research acting as a catalyst for interdisciplinary advancement - underpinned by a new IT infrastructure - facilitating new kinds of research • e-Research recognised as an academic pursuit (not just infrastructure) • Component of the new Information Society 42

43. Conclusions • e-Science activity has grown rapidly • e-Research and Grid will continue to grow in importance • Flagship projects.. • e-DiaMoND and many others • … demonstrate that research has already changed • e-Research is a new paradigm which enriches academia and changes research • catalyst for interdisciplinary activities offering new possibilities • Relationship with IBM strategic for Oxford University • e-Research component of the new Information Society 43