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Psychology

Delve into the rich history of psychology, from ancient Greek philosophy to modern scientific approaches. Discover key figures like Socrates and Descartes, and explore historical schools of thought such as psychoanalytic and behavioral psychology. Learn about influential concepts like phrenology and the Freudian slip, and understand the interplay of nature versus nurture in shaping behavior. Unravel the complexities of cognition, behavior, and societal influences that have shaped the field of psychology over centuries.

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Psychology

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  1. Psychology The scientific study of behavior and mental processes

  2. Brief History of Psychology

  3. Ancient Greek Philosophers (5th and 6th centuries B.C) Know thyself! Socrates(470- 399 BC)

  4. Renaissance Scientists(15th and 16th centuries) Galileo (1564-1642) The Scientific Method: Observation and Experimentation

  5. Enlightenment Philosophers (17th century) I think therefore I am. Rene Descartes (1596-1650) Mind and body connection

  6. Phrenology (19th century)

  7. Phrenology • Not a real science – “pseudoscience” • Developed by Franz Joseph Gall in Germany • Practice of examining bumps on a person’s skull to determine a person’s intellect and character. • Encouraged the scientific study of the brain’s role in behavior.

  8. Modern Psychology William James (1842-1910) Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920) The Father of American Psychology The Founder of Modern Psychology

  9. Historical Approaches "Old School"

  10. "Old School" Structuralism Functionalism Inheritable Traits Gestalt

  11. Contemporary Approaches "New School"

  12. "New Schools" Psychoanalytic Behavioral Humanistic Cognitive Sociocultural Biological

  13. Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) Childhood experiences Primitive urges Psychoanalytic Unconscious desires Developmental conflicts

  14. Irrational wishes Immoral urges Fear Selfish needs Violent motives Shameful experiences

  15. Sublimation Reaction Formation Rationalization Repression DEFENSE MECHANISMS Denial Projection Regression Displacement

  16. The unconscious may be revealed with … psychoanalysis free association dream analysis hypnosis

  17. Oops! A Freudian slip

  18. Behavioral Ivan Pavlov ( 1849-1936)

  19. Behavioral • Behavior is the result of conditioned experiences and learning: • Classical Conditioning • Operant Conditioning • Social Learning

  20. Classical Conditioning

  21. Humanistic Abraham Maslow (1908-1970) Our goal: Self-Actualization

  22. Humanistic Abraham Maslow (1908-1970) We are unique. We are not controlled. Self-Actualization We make self-directed choices. We have the potential for personal development. Our personal growth = satisfaction Our goal: Self-Actualization Humanistic

  23. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Self-Actualization

  24. Cognitive Behavior is influenced by various mental processes …

  25. Cognitive Thinking Memory Language Problem solving Creativity Jean Piaget (1896-1980)

  26. Sociocultural Socioeconomics Ethnicity Culture Gender

  27. Biological Biological The impact of biology on behavior How the brain, nervous system, and endocrine system effect behavior

  28. "Nature vs. Nurture" Psychoanalytic Behavioral Humanistic Cognitive Sociocultural Biological

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