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The War of 1812: A Second War of Independence

Explore the pivotal events of the War of 1812 and how it fueled American nationalism, from causes to key battles like the Treaty of Ghent and Battle of New Orleans. Understand the impacts on shaping the American identity and its aftermath on politics. Dive into the significance of the conflict in asserting American sovereignty and fostering a sense of national unity.

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The War of 1812: A Second War of Independence

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  1. EQ: To what degree was the War of 1812 a Second War of Independence? How did the war lead to the growth of nationalism? Chapter 12

  2. Causes of the War in America • British manipulation of trade and the Sea • Impressments • British support of the Indians in the West • Nationalism: assert American rights

  3. American Problems • The US was unprepared militarily: • Had a 12-ship navy vs. Britain’s800 ships. • Americans disliked a draft  preferred to enlist in the disorganized state militias. • Financially unprepared: • Flood of paper $. • Revenue from import tariffs declined. • Regional disagreements.

  4. Overviewof theWarof1812

  5. U. S. Invasions of 1812 • The Americans tried to invade Canada;beaten back by the Canadians; then attacked by sea -more successful. • USS Constitution-vs.-HMS Guerriere(off the coast of Nova Scotia)

  6. Campaigns of 1813 • Oliver Hazard Perry- captured a British fleet in Lake Erie. “We have met the enemy and they are ours.” • General Harrison's army overtook the British at Detroit and Fort Malden in the Battle of the Thames in October 1813.

  7. 1814: What a Year!!! • Aug 24th: British forces overwhelm Americans at the Battle of Bladensburg, MD and march unopposed into Washington D.C.; burn the city • Americans forced the invading British army near Plattsburgh to retreat on September 11, 1814; saved the upper New York from conquest.

  8. Battle of Fort McHenry,Sept. 13-14, 1814 • Bombarded for 2 days by B. fleet –they thought Baltimore was a mess of privateers • British decide unbreakable Oh Say Can You SeeBy the Dawn’s Early Light… -- Francis Scott Key

  9. Gave proof through the night,That our flag was still there..

  10. Treaty of GhentDecember 24, 1814 • Armistice • Both sides stopped fighting and conquered territory was restored. • Ends the war • “ Not 1 inch of territory ceded or lost”

  11. The Battle of New Orleans, 1815 • Last major battle of the War of 1812. • The fight took place on January 8, 1815 Andrew Jackson and Americans defeated the British in 30 minutes. • The Treaty of Ghent, signed two weeks before the battle but the news had not yet crossed the Atlantic.

  12. Hartford ConventionDecember, 1814 – January, 1815 -Financial assistance to compensate for lost trade from embargos. -Constitutional amendments requiring a 2/3 vote in Congress before an embargo could be imposed, new states admitted, or war declared. -That a President could only serve 1 term. -The abolition of the 3/5 clause. -The prohibition of the election of 2 successive Presidents from the same state. New England Considers Secession! Arrives after the Treaty is signed!!!!!!

  13. Outcome of the War • Nation gained a psychological sense of complete independence as people celebrated their "second war of independence" • Federalist party collapsed (Hartford Resolution) • Established need for a formal navy • Established peaceful relations with Britain • Sets nation up for the Era of Good Feelings • Heightened nationalism!!! • Star Spangled Banner

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