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UNIT-I

UNIT-I. LEVELS OF PREVENTION IN HEALTH. PREPARED BY: Mr. Gireesh G.R. LEARNING OBJECTIVES. At the end of class the learner will be able to Describe various levels of disease prevention Elaborate on rehabilitation. INTRODUCTION. DEFINITION OF PREVENTION

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UNIT-I

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  1. UNIT-I LEVELS OFPREVENTION INHEALTH PREPARED BY: Mr. Gireesh G.R

  2. LEARNING OBJECTIVES • At the end of class the learner will be able to • Describe various levels of disease prevention • Elaborate on rehabilitation

  3. INTRODUCTION • DEFINITION OF PREVENTION • The Management Of Those Factors That Could LeadToDiseaseSoAsToPreventThe OccurrenceOftheDisease. -Mosbydictionary

  4. Different Levels Of Prevention

  5. PRIMORDIALPREVENTION • Definition: • “It is the prevention of emergence of risk factors in populations, in which they have not yet appeared”. • INTERVENTIONS: • The main intervention in primordial prevention is through individual and mass health education.

  6. PRIMARYPREVENTION • DEFINITION • Primary prevention can be defined as “ action taken prior to the onset of disease, which removes the possibility that a disease will ever occur”.

  7. Population(mass) Strategy: • It is directed at the whole population irrespective of an individual risk levels. • High- risk Strategy: • It aims to bring preventive care to individuals at special risk. This requires detection of individuals ar high risk by the optimum use of clinical methods

  8. INTERVENTIONS • General Healthpromotion • Specificprotection

  9. GeneralHealthpromotion • Healtheducation • Environmentalmodifications • Nutritionalinterventions • Lifestyle and behaviouralchanges

  10. GeneralHealthpromotion • Health education to improve healthy habits and health consciousness in the community. • Improvement in nutritional standards of the community. • Healthful physical environment (Housing, watersupply, excreta disposal,etc.,) • Good working condition • Mariage Counselling • Periodic Selective examination of risk population

  11. Specificprotection • Useof Specific immunization (BCG, DPT,MMR vaccines) • Chemoprophylaxis (tetracycline for Cholera, dapsone for Leprosy, Chloroquine for malaria,etc.,) • Use of specific nutrients (vitamin A for Children, iron- folic acid tablets for Pregnant mothers) • Protection against accidents (Use of helmet, seatbelt,etc.,) • Protection against occupational hazards. • Avoidance of allergens. • Protection from air pollution

  12. SECONDARYPREVENTION • Definition • Theactionwhich haltstheprogressofa diseaseatitsincipient stageandprevents complications”.

  13. Objectives of secondary prevention • Complete cure and prevent the progression of disease process. • To prevent the spreads of disease by curing all the known cases. • To prevent the complications and sequel of disease. • To shorten the period of disability.

  14. Interventions • Individual and mass case-finding measures. • Screening surveys(urine examination for diabetes,etc.,) • Selective examination

  15. Tertiary Prevention All measures available to reduce or limit impairments and disabilities, minimize suffering caused by existing departures from good health and to promote the patient’s adjustment to irremediable conditions

  16. Modes of intervention Disability limitation Rehabilitation

  17. Disability limitation Disease  Impairment  Disability  Handicap

  18. REHABILITATION • Medical rehabilitation-Restoration of bodily function • Vocational rehabilitation-Restoration of the capacity to earn a livelihood. • Social rehabilitation-Restoration of family and social relationship. • Psychological rehabilitation-Restoration of personal dignity and confidence

  19. Examples of Rehabilitation • Establishing schools for the blind. • Prevention of aids for the crippled. • Reconstructive surgery in Leprosy. • Change of profession for a more suitable one and modification of life in general in the case of TB,etc.,

  20. Conclusion • Primary prevention includes those measures that prevent the onset of illness before the disease process begins. Immunization against infectious disease is a good example. • Secondary prevention includes those measures that lead to early diagnosis and prompt treatment of a disease. • Breast self-examination is a good example of secondary prevention. • Tertiary prevention involves the rehabilitation of people who have already been affected by a disease, or activities to prevent an established disease from becoming worse.

  21. EVALUATION Question 1 . Define various levels of disease prevention?

  22. THANK YOU

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