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How to empower the disadvantaged group in the rural and remote areas by ICTization

How to empower the disadvantaged group in the rural and remote areas by ICTization. Pakistani rural area. Yasuhiko Kawasumi, Rapporteur for Q10-2/2 ITU-D SG2 Regional Conference on disables, Cairo-Egypt, 13-15 Nov. 2007. WSIS Declaration of Principles Geneva 2003.

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How to empower the disadvantaged group in the rural and remote areas by ICTization

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  1. How to empower the disadvantaged group in the rural and remote areas by ICTization Pakistani rural area Yasuhiko Kawasumi, Rapporteur for Q10-2/2 ITU-D SG2 Regional Conference on disables, Cairo-Egypt, 13-15 Nov. 2007

  2. WSIS Declaration of PrinciplesGeneva 2003 • No.13 : “We shall pay special attention to the special needs of marginalized and vulnerable groups of society, including migrants, internally displaced persons and refugees, unemployed and underprivileged people, minorities and nomadic people. We shall also recognize the special needs of older persons and persons with disabilities.” • No14 : “We are resolute to empower the poor, particularly those living in remote, rural and marginalized urban areas, to access information and to use ICTs as a tool to support their efforts to lift themselves out of poverty”

  3. WSIS Plan of Action, Geneva 2003 • C2-9f: Encourage the design and production of ICT equipment and services so that every one has easy and affordable access to them including older people, persons with disabilities, children, especially marginalized children and other disadvantaged and vulnerable groups, and promote the development of technologies, applications, and content suited to their needs, guided by the Universal Design Principle and further enhanced by the use of assistive technologies. • C2-9g: In order to alleviate the challenges of illiteracy, develop affordable technologies and non-text based computer interfaces to facilitate people’s access to ICTs.

  4. WTDC Resolution 46 • the need to achieve the goal of digital inclusion, enabling universal, sustainable, ubiquitous and affordable access to ICTs for all, including disadvantaged, marginalized and vulnerable groups and indigenous peoples, and to facilitate accessibility of ICTs for all, in the framework of access to information and knowledge.

  5. ITU-D SG2 Rapporteur’s Group for Q10 on “telecommunications for rural & remote areas” • Identification of the full range of potential techniques and solutions that can significantly impact on the provision of telecommunication services in rural and remote areas, • Investigate and report on how the techniques identified above can be used to best deliver the range of services and applications, • Make an assessment of the likely commercial viability or sustainability of the techniques and solutions, • Report on a range of case studies that clearly demonstrate how a range of techniques, based on new technology aimed at providing reduced capital and operating cost solutions and enhancing community participation, can maximize the benefits of telecommunication infrastructure in rural and remote areas.

  6. Collection of the case studies • The collection of case studies was conducted by Rapporteur’s Group of ITU-D SG2 during 2002-06 and 2006-07. • Total of 20 case studies were collected from the regions of Africa, Americas, Arab, Asia & Pacific, and CIS & Europe during 2006-07 period. • Collected Case studies were analysed for finding the best practices

  7. Collected Case Studies (By Regions) Europe & CIS: 2 Case studies Africa: 4 Case studies America: 6 Case studies Asia & Pacific: 8 Case studies

  8. Bhutan Bolivia Cameroon Canada I Canada II Cuba I Cuba II India Indonesia I Indonesia II Lithuania I Lithuania (II) Nepal Papua New Guinea Peru Philippines (KDDI) Rep. Of Korea Rwanda Tanzania Uganda Collected Case Studies(By Countries)

  9. Overview of the projects

  10. Overview of the project (Cont.)

  11. Overview of the project (Cont.)

  12. Transmission media Transmission media

  13. Transmission media used in the case studies

  14. Emergence of new trends • The global topics in the field of ICT is the emergence of new trends of Next Generation Network (NGN) and associated services over broadband infrastructure. • Of course, ICT is not a panacea, however, it can not be ignored that ICT can bring many solutions to bridge the divides, and can be used to avoid or alleviate many problems of the marginalized people in the rural and remote areas.

  15. Emergence of new trends (Cont.) Challenges to the Broadband, Internet-style Services.NGN...

  16. Type of e-applications services • As can be noticed from the figure on the “Type of e-applications services” in the next slide, just providing voice services is not enough for developing countries.

  17. Type of applications services

  18. Comparison • Clear changes can be captured when comparing case studies collected in the study periods 2002-2006 and 2006-2007.

  19. Financing rural projects • Universal Service is a system which is closely related to improving the quality of lives in rural and remote areas. • Beside Universal Service forms of funding rural projects, there are other ways of funding projects in rural areas. By signing an agreement with private or international aid organization for funding is an example.

  20. Financing Projects

  21. Findings • The state of the art technologies are deployed in most of case studies which are made viable to the environment and conditions of the project site. • Majority of cases take into account the women, youth, handicapped and other marginalized or socially disadvantaged groups with low mobility and left in the rural and backward zones.

  22. Findings (Cont.) • It is clear that the main objectives of the projects addressed in the case studies are to promote ICT services for the improvement of quality of life for the dwellers in the rural and remote areas. • Solutions for the marginalized groups such as voice internet(Indonesia) and radio programs for women, oppresses, handicapped and indigenous people(Nepal) are found in the cases. • Specially designed CPE connected to the network may be useful for people with disabilities.

  23. Findings (Cont.) • The objectives are not only to provide basic telephony but also to provide several informatics services as a means to promote education, healthcare, commerce, agriculture, tourism & culture as well as a useful tool for improving administration and governance. • Most of the case studies implemented the Community Access Centre (or sometimes called Multimedia Community Centre or Multipurpose Information Centre or Multipurpose Community Telecentre).

  24. Findings (Cont.) • Collected case studies applied various services for serving its communities such as: • Basic voice and fax, where the network is interconnected to national exchange • Internet-style services: Email, web browsing, video conference • e-applications: e-Gov, GIS, website of the community, agriculture information system, e-health, tele-education

  25. Conclusion • The ICT training for the communities were conducted and also reported in many case studies. • Choice of technologies suited for the rural connectivity depends on the projects under different environment. • There are wireless broad band technologies such as VSAT, mobile (GSM & CDMA), and terrestrial wireless (WiFi and WiMAX). • Wireless Local Loop is deployed in many cases because of faster roll-out time, cost effectiveness and scalability and advantage for maintenance and operation.

  26. Conclusion (Cont.) • To provide informatics services, the multi-service platforms are provided by introducing TCT/IP over the networks in almost all cases. • Several countries also implement NGN with soft- switch for example for providing Voice over IP over their IP network. • The copper wires are still valid for local loops in the small villages clustered within a few kilometre radius. • Apart from the advance of IP based technology, it is also reported that the community radio (in the case study uses FM band) is also effective for availing people with information, education and other issues awareness.

  27. Conclusion (Cont.) • It is also indicated that the ICT facilities can save the transportation cost of the people and reduce the mobility of population from rural to urban. • Most of the project reported were not aiming at profitability, however, there is a case where a partnership with local investor can be profitable and sustaining the service for the community.

  28. Thank you !! Please refer to the ITU-D case library : www.itu.int/ITU-D/study_groups/SGP_2006-2010/Case_Library/ www.itu.int/ITU-D/fg7/case_library/ www.itu.int/ituweblogs/ITU-D-SG2-Q10/

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