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Windows Server

Explore the key role of servers, performance requirements, hardware components, and software specifications for Windows Server systems. Understand the critical aspects of server hardware, including storage, redundancy, automated backups, and hardware reliability. Delve into Windows Server software options, focusing on security features, self-healing capabilities, and advanced functionalities like Hyper-V and Failover Clustering.

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Windows Server

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  1. Windows Server MIS 424 Professor Sandvig

  2. Overview • Role of servers • Performance Requirements • Server • Hardware • Software • Windows Server • IIS

  3. Role of Servers • File server • WWU U drive • CBE J drive – courses • Network printing • Mail server • Network support • Active Directory Domain Controller • DNS Server • Database server • Web server

  4. Performance Requirements • Reliability • Network services depends upon • Operate 24/7 • Security • Must authenticate and authorize file access • Web servers exposed to Internet • Scalability • Add capacity • Support clusters • Performance monitoring tools

  5. Server Hardware

  6. Server Hardware • Hardware runs 24/7 for years • Must be reliable • Use: • High quality components • redundancy

  7. Server Hardware • Reliability • Power • Redundant power supplies • UPS – Uninterruptible Power Supply • Redundant cooling fans • Remote Supervisor • Separate computer that monitors server • Sends message when problem is detected • Storage…

  8. Server Hardware • RAID Storage • Redundant Array of Inexpensive Drives • Combines multiple hard drives • No data lost if one fails • RAID 1 • 2 or more mirrored disks – each stores same data • RAID 5 • 3 or more striped disks with parity • RAID 6 • Recover two lost disks • Requires RAID controller • Hot swapping • Replace disk drive without powering down

  9. Server Hardware • Automated backups • Nightly or more frequently • Tape drive • Network • Amazon S3 • Copies off-site

  10. Server Hardware • Yorktown • HP ProLiant DL360 G6 • Purchased 2010 • ~ $3,200 + storage • 2003 Yorktown ~$15,000 • Quad core, 64 bit • Dimensions: 1.7” tall • 4 hot-swap bays • Storage: RAID 0, 1, 5, 10, 50 • 6 GB RAM (max 144 GB) • Redundant hot-swap cooling and power • Mirrored memory • Lights-out management • Separate processor w/ web interface • Server diagnostics & restart • No video, audio, keyboard, printer… • Windows Server 2008

  11. Sever Software • Several OS available • MS Windows – 46% revenue* • Unix – 18% • Linux - 20% • IBM System z – 12% • Our focus: Windows Server*IDC Worldwide Server Market May 2012

  12. Server Software • In 2013 Server/Tools brought in more money than Windows.

  13. Windows Server • Windows Server built concurrently with PC OS • Server 2003  Windows XP • Server 2008  Windows Vista • Server 2012  Windows 8 • Server 2016  Windows 10 • Server 2003+ ROCKS • more later… • Security • Default applications: stripped down • Minimize attack surface • Configure Server Wizard

  14. Event Logging

  15. Windows Server • Self-healing file system • Detects & fixes corrupted files on-the-fly • Hyper-V • Create virtual servers • Power Shell • Task automation via scripting language • Failover Clustering • Server clusters provide redundancy

  16. Windows Server 2016 • Pricing – complicated • Range $501 - $10,000+ • Depends upon: • Number of processors • Number of virtual machines • Client access licenses (CALs)

  17. Windows Server • Our interest: • Web server: • Internet Information Services (IIS) • Tightly integrated with Windows • Permissions • Applications • Error handling

  18. IIS • Role of IIS • Handle http requests • Application reliability • Security – check credentials • Log activity

  19. IIS – 1. Handle Requests

  20. IIS – Set up web sites • IIS Manager • GUI to manage web site configuration • Host multiple web sites on single server

  21. IIS – Set up new web site • Setup newweb site

  22. IIS – Set up web site • Each web site has many configuration options • Goals: • Reliability • Security

  23. IIS – ASP.NET applications • Web sites partitioned intoapplications • Each applicationhas many config.options • Goals: • Reliability • Security

  24. IIS – Handle Requests • Application transfers requestto appropriate handler

  25. IIS – Application pools • Applications can become “un-healthy” • Memory leaks • Errors • Abandoned data stored in Application • etc. etc. • Become slow • Consume lots of memory

  26. IIS – Application pools • Application Pools • Added in Server 2003 • Assign applications to “pools” • Each pool is Windows process • Create rules to: • close unused applications • restart unhealthy applications • release memory

  27. IIS – Application pools • Create new application pools in IIS

  28. IIS – Application pools • Assign applications to pools

  29. IIS – Application pools Very effective!

  30. IIS - Security • Every request requires authentication and authorization • Anonymous users • Permissions from IIS • Network Service account • Built-in Windows account

  31. IIS Security • Assigning identities to requests

  32. IIS Security • Windows permissions on folder

  33. IIS – Log activities • Event log • W3 Service log

  34. Summary • Windows Server • Popular • Many uses • File server, mail server, database server…. • Web Server • IIS • Provides many configuration options • Goals: • Reliability • Security

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