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EQ: How has oil impacted the countries of Southwest Asia?

Explore the impact of oil on the countries of Southwest Asia, including the discovery of oil, its role in the region, distribution of reserves, economic consequences, and challenges such as water rights and literacy rates.

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EQ: How has oil impacted the countries of Southwest Asia?

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  1. EQ: How has oil impacted the countries of Southwest Asia? You only have to write what is underlined….

  2. Oil Discovered! Oil was first discovered in Persia (Iran) in 1908. In 1927, oil was struck in Kirkuk, Iraq.

  3. Role of Oil in Southwest Asia

  4. TERMS ASSOCIATED WITH OIL: • natural resources • non-renewable resources • fossil fuels • crude oil • oil reserves

  5. What are natural resources? Natural resources are the raw materials a country has that make life and production of goods possible.

  6. What is a non-renewable resource? A non-renewable resource is a resource that takes so long to form that it can’t be replaced. Oil, which takes millions of years to form, is just such a resource.

  7. What is a fossil fuel? Oil and natural gas are fossil fuels. Fossil fuels were created when plants and animals that lived centuries ago decayed underground.

  8. What is crude oil? Crude oil is petroleum as it comes out of the ground and before it has been refined or processed into useful products.

  9. What are oil reserves? Oil reserves refer to oil that has been discovered but remains unused in the ground.

  10. Southwest Asia and Oil Southwest Asia has been transformed by oil. 1. This region has the world’s largest known oil reserves. 2. More than half of the world’s proven crude oil reserves lie under Southwest Asia. 3. There are also large reserves of natural gas.

  11. …and new There are many oil rigs around the Middle East.

  12. 1. Saudi Arabia (the largest country in Southwest Asia) has approximately 1/4 of the world’s known oil reserves. 2. Kuwait (a small country) has 1/10 of the world’s oil reserves.

  13. Saudi Oil Fields & Refineries

  14. Southwest Asia and Oil Most of the world’s industrial nations depend on a steady supply of oil and natural gas.

  15. Southwest Asia and Oil The following services depend on these fuels to meet their energy needs: • transportation (gasoline and oil) • electricity depends on oil and natural gas to run power plants • plastics • medicines

  16. Southwest Asia and Oil Oil money has been used to better the lives of the people in Southwest Asia. 1. Roads have been paved and modern buildings have been built 2. Improved medical care has helped people to live longer.

  17. Southwest Asia and Oil Oil has made many people is Southwest Asia better off. 1. Life expectancy has increased by 15 years over the last 30 years. 2. Infant mortality rate (number of babies that die in their first year) has fallen.

  18. Southwest Asia has grown rich, supplying the world’s oil needs.

  19. However, oil is not distributed equally.

  20. Oil Has Not Improved Life for All 1. Yemen is one of the 20 poorest countries in the world (low oil reserves and large population). 2. Iraq has the second largest oil reserve but low GDP. a. Saddam Hussein used oil money to build an army. b. Buying weapons and fighting wars has used up their money.

  21. Oil Has Not Improved Life for All Per capita GDP varies greatly for each country. Per capita GDP is the average income of the people in a country (GDP) divided by the population.

  22. Poor and Rich Per Capita GDP does not tell the whole story. Per capita GDP is an average wealth with some people extremely wealthy and others very poor.

  23. Education in Bahrain

  24. The Price and Flow of Oil Oil-Exporting Countries work to control the price of oil. 1. OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) was established in 1960 to control the supply and income of oil producing countries.

  25. OPEC can’t completely control oil prices and supplies. 1. There are many non-OPEC oil producers that compete with OPEC. 2. OPEC members don’t always work together as a unit, and sometimes under cut each other.

  26. Summary • Much of the world’s oil is under Southwest Asia. • Oil reserves are not distributed evenly among the region’s countries. • The wealth from oil sales is not evenly distributed among the citizens of the countries in Southwest Asia.

  27. Oil is a non-renewable resource that will eventually run out.

  28. Persian Gulf Oil Exports (2003)

  29. World Oil Reserves

  30. WATER RIGHTS!*Fresh water is a SCARCEresource in the M.East (meaning there is not a lot of it) because it is mostly a desert & has a lot of salt water seas.*Desalinization: is the process of taking salt out of salt water to make it fresh water to drink and water crops.*People fight over who gets the rights to rivers; they need them to survive.*The Arabs, Jews (in Israel), and people living in Jordan fight about who should have the rights to the Jordan River.

  31. LITERACY RATES!*Countries without oil in the Middle East have a LOW literacy rate & LOW standard of living. *Countries with OIL have a HIGH literacy rate & HIGH standard of living.*War & fighting keep some kids from going to school*Israel has the highest literacy rate in the M.East because it is the most developed nation!

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