Basic Anatomy: Tissues, Organs, and Systems

1. Mrs. Frasca Basic Anatomy:Tissues, Organs, and Systems

2. There are many different types of cells in the human body. None of these cells would function well on their own, they are part of the larger organism that is called --- you.

3. Tissue • Cells group together to form tissues • A collection of similar cells • Join together to perform a specific function

4. Tissue • Tissues are 60-99% water with various dissolved substances • This water is slightly salty in nature and is called “tissue fluid”

5. Tissue • Dehydration= when there is an insufficient amount of tissue fluid • Edema= when there is an excess amount of tissue fluid

6. Dehydration of Tissue • Dehydration consequences: • Deterioration of health • Decrease in sports performance • Depletion of energy • Bad Mood!

7. Dehydration of Tissue • Quick Test: • How fast does your skin bounce back?

8. Dehydration of Tissue • When you don’t get enough water, the effects can be devastating and even fatal! • VIDEOS: • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e1L1jK2N7OA • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z8HlsY6TUgk

9. “Sweat” Online Quiz • Take the following online quiz and see how you do! • http://sportsmedicine.about.com/library/quiz/blquiz2_q1.htm

10. Tissues • 4 primary types of tissue in the human body: • Epithelial • Connective • Muscle • Nerve

11. Epithelial Tissue • Covers the surface of the body and is main tissue in the skin • Forms the lining of the intestinal, respiratory, circulatory, and urinary tracts

12. Connective Tissue • Adds support and structure to the body • 2 main classifications: • Soft • Hard

13. Soft Connective Tissue • Type 1: Adipose (fatty) tissue • Stores fat as a food reserve or source of energy • Insulates the body • Fills empty areas and acts as padding • Type 2: Fibrous tissue • Ligaments and tendons • Help hold body structures together

14. Discussion: Soft Connective Tissue • Many sports require protective padding • Where is our body’s natural protective padding?

15. Hard Connective Tissue • Cartilage and bone • Cartilage = tough, elastic material that is found in between bones • Cartilage acts as a shock absorber (padding) and allows for flexibility

16. Hard Connective Tissue • Why is bone considered “connective tissue”?

17. Activity: Cartilage and Bone • Feel and compare the following: • Jaw vs. Ear • Cheek Points vs. Nose

18. Muscle Tissue • Special tissue that can contract and relax • Produces power and action by movement of muscle fibers

19. Types of Muscle Tissue • There are 3 main types: • Skeletal (muscles attached to bones for body movement) • Cardiac (muscles causing the heart to beat) • Smooth (muscles in the walls of respiratory, digestive, urinary tract, and blood vessels)

20. Nerve Tissue • Controls and coordinates the body by transmitting messages (electrical signals) throughout the body • Made of special cells called neurons • The nerves, brains, and spinal cord are composed of nerve tissue

21. Activity: Nerve Tissue • Walk around the room…when teacher says “stop” extend your arms and grab 2 shoulders (on different people) • Now let’s see if we can send a message through the entire chain like neurons!

22. Teacher Slide • Messages to send: • “Don’t mess this up (last person in line’s name)” • “Only 5 weeks until Thanksgiving break!”

23. Example of All Tissues in Use • You accidentally place your hand on the hot eye of the stove top: • Nerve Tissue: sends message to brain that hand must be quickly removed • Muscle Tissue: contracts to make hand move away from stove • Soft Connective Tissue: acts as padding and prevents deeper damage • Epithelial Tissue: damaged skin cells by extreme heat

24. Activity: Types of Tissue • Answer the questions by holding up the correct/corresponding number with your fingers • 1.) Epithelial Tissue • 2.) Connective Tissue • 3.) Muscle Tissue • 4.) Nerve Tissue

25. Teacher Slide • Ask the following questions to the class: • The lining of your kidney • The skin you are touching when you apply lotion • Flexing your huge biceps • How messages get sent throughout the body • How your heart beats • The bendable part of your ear • Your shin bone

26. Organs • Organ = structure containing at least 2 types of tissue working together for a common purpose

27. Organs • Largest organ in the human body = SKIN! • 3 layers of skin: • Epidermis • (Barrier between us and outside world) • Dermis • (Has blood vessels and nerves so we can feel things) • Subcutaneous • (Cushions the skin and protects us from the cold)

28. Organ Systems (aka Body Systems) • A Body System is composed of organs working to accomplish something more complex than what a single organ can do on its own • Body System = multiple organs connected to accomplish a goal together

29. Organ Systems • 11 Major Body Systems: • Integumentary • Muscular • Skeletal • Nervous • Endocrine • Circulatory • Immune • Lymphatic • Respiratory • Digestive • Urinary • Reproductive

30. Integumentary System • Consists of: Your SKIN! • Helps protect your body from invasion • Helps regulate your body temperature (sweating, shivering, hair growth, etc.)

31. Muscular System • Produces movement • Protects internal organs and bones • Produces body heat • Maintains posture • Consists of: • Skeletal muscles • Smooth muscles • Cardiac Muscles

32. Muscular System • Voluntary vs. Involuntary Muscles • Voluntary = we control • Skeletal Muscles • Our brain sends messages via our Nervous System • Involuntary = we do not consciously control • Cardiac and Smooth Muscles

33. Activity: Voluntary vs. Involuntary Muscles • Wiggle your toes and fingers • Kick your legs • Squeeze your gluteus muscles 5 times • Wiggle your lungs • Wiggle your ears • Make your heart stop beating • Pat your head while rubbing your belly in a clockwise motion • Reverse it!

34. Muscular System • How do our muscles move??? • 1.) Muscles are connected to bones by tendons • 2.) Convert chemical energy into tension • 3.) Produce movement simply by shortening (contraction) and then lengthening (relaxation) • 4.) Muscles pull, but they cannot push!

35. Muscular System

36. Skeletal System • This is the body’s frame • Bones, ligaments, cartilage, tendons • Provides support and structure • Helps to protect organs (ex: brain) • Stores calcium, phosphorus, and produces blood cells

37. Skeletal System • 2 parts of Skeletal System: • Axial Skeleton • Skull, vertebral column, rib cage • Protects organs, brain, nervous system • Appendicular Skeleton • Upper limbs, lower limbs, pelvic girdle • Makes motion possible

38. Skeletal System: Video Clip • The Skeletal System: • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8d-RBe8JBVs • **(Pause after 1:20)** • What we would look like if we had no bones: • http://www.imdb.com/video/hulu/vi1186202393/

39. Nervous System • Coordinates and controls body activities • Sends electrical signals through body

40. Nervous System • Central Nervous System (CNS) • Brain and spinal cord • Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) • Connects the CNS to the rest of the body • Allows for motion and sensation

41. Nervous System: Activity • Activity: • 2 volunteers • 1 student will be the “dummy” • Teacher = Central Nervous System (creating messages to be delivered) • Other student = Peripheral Nervous System (receiving messages and carrying them out in the body)

42. Teacher Slide • (Student) wakes up in the morning and starts to walk to school • (Student) looks at his/her watch and realizes he/she is late! So they he/she starts to run • (Student) hears his/her favorite song playing from Mrs. Frasca’s SUV….so he/she starts to dance • (Student) starts to eat his/her cali burrito while dancing • (Student) see a hot boy/girl passing and gives him/her his/her sexy pose

43. Nervous System • VIDEOS • School House Rock!: • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ivk_irrH1WY • Short Lecture: • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x4PPZCLnVkA

44. Endocrine System • Produces and secretes hormones to regulate body processes

45. Endocrine System • Glands = group of cells that secrete (give off) chemicals • Hormones: • Regulate mood, growth, and development • Allow reproductive processes • Control metabolism

46. Endocrine System • Major parts: • Hypothalamus • Pineal Body • Pituitary • Thyroid and Parathyroid • Pancreas • Adrenal • Reproductive (Testes or Ovaries)

47. Endocrine System: Assignment • Go to the following website: • http://kidshealth.org/teen/your_body/body_basics/endocrine.html# • 1.) List each part of the Endocrine System • 2.) Define where it is found in the body • 3.) Describe it’s function • (Ex: Hypothalamus = Found in the lower central part of the brain, this portion of the Endocrine System is responsible for….)

48. Circulatory System • A.K.A: Cardiovascular System • Consists of: • Heart and blood vessels • (Includes arteries and veins) • A pumping heart forces blood to move in a circle throughout the system

49. Circulatory System • Blood: • About 55% plasma • (fluid containing water, proteins, sugar, hormones, etc.) • Carries oxygen and nutrients to entire body • Carries waste products away from cells • Helps produce cells to fight infection • Has clotting agents

50. Circulatory System • Our bodies actually have 2 Circulatory Systems: • Systemic • Carries oxygenated blood from heart to the rest of the body • Returns deoxygenated blood back to heart • Pulmonary • Carries deoxygenated blood from heart to the lungs • Returns oxygen-rich blood to the heart