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How Cells Get Energy

How Cells Get Energy. Photosynthesis: Notes 1. Autotrophs vs. Heterotrophs. Autotrophs (plants) make their own food! Heterotrophs (animals) eat other things!. PLANTS. Have chlorophyll inside chloroplasts (these give them their green color) Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts.

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How Cells Get Energy

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  1. How Cells Get Energy Photosynthesis: Notes 1

  2. Autotrophs vs. Heterotrophs • Autotrophs (plants) make their own food! • Heterotrophs (animals) eat other things!

  3. PLANTS • Have chlorophyll inside chloroplasts (these give them their green color) • Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts.

  4. Photosynthesis is a process in which green plants convert energy from sunlight into chemical energy!!

  5. First: Light Reactions! • Sunlight hits the chlorophyll in a leaf. • This energy knocks electrons from the chlorophyll. • These bounce from one molecule to another in a series called the electron transport chain freeing energy with each step in the form of ATP! • Water molecules are split to replace the electrons lost from the chlorophyll. • Oxygen from the water molecule is released.

  6. Light Reactions:

  7. Second: Dark Reactions: • AKA: The Calvin Cycle! • (For real.)

  8. Calvin Cycle (dark rxns) • 1) The energy from the light reactions is used to transform CO2 to form PGA. • 2) The hydrogen from the light reactions reacts with the PGA to from PGAL. • 3) Two PGAL molecules combine to form glucose!!!!

  9. Summary:

  10. Formula: • 6CO2 + 6 H2O  C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O • CO2 from air! • H2O from ground! • Glucose out for energy! • O2 out (what we breathe!) • Water used for Hydrolysis later.

  11. Photosynthesis: Made (VERY) SIMPLE! REVIEW

  12. PURPOSE • conversion of light energy into chemical energy in the form of chemical bonds 6 CO2 + 12 H2O  C6H12O6 + 6 O2 + 6 H2O

  13. WHY ARE PLANTS GREEN? It's not that easy bein' green Having to spend each day the color of the leaves When I think it could be nicer being red or yellow or gold Or something much more colorful like that… Kermit the Frog

  14. Electromagnetic Spectrum and Visible Light Gammarays Infrared & Microwaves X-rays UV Radio waves Visible light Wavelength (nm)

  15. WHY ARE PLANTS GREEN? Different wavelengths of visible light are seen by the human eye as different colors. Gammarays Micro-waves Radio waves X-rays UV Infrared Visible light Wavelength (nm)

  16. Transmitted light Why are plants green? Reflected light

  17. WHY ARE PLANTS GREEN? Plant Cells have Green Chloroplasts The thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast has photosynthetic pigments (i.e., chlorophylls,carotenoids). etc

  18. THE COLOR OF LIGHT SEEN IS THE COLOR NOT ABSORBED • Chloroplasts absorb light energy and convert it to chemical energy Reflected light Light Absorbed light Transmitted light Chloroplast

  19. NADP+   NADPH Taxi for H+ ATP   ADP (Taxi for Energy)

  20. Chloroplast O2 PHOTONS 6 CO2 2. DARK Reactions 1. LIGHT Reactions O2 H2O CALVIN CYCLE e- + ATP 6 CO2 O H+ e- H+ e- 6 RuBP Chlorophyll molecule(photosystem II) NADPH NADP+ H+ 12PGA ADP 10 PGAL e- e- (12) Electron Transport chain ATP (energy) H2O PGAL PGAL GLUCOSE NADP+   NADPH Taxi for H+ ATP   ADP (Taxi for Energy)

  21. We’ve Only Just begun……….

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