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Education

Education. Domestic Policy. Questions to Consider…. Should Methacton require school uniforms? Should athletics be a part of a publicly funded education? Should Methacton offer AP classes knowing that they are costly and serve a small portion of the student body?

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Education

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  1. Education Domestic Policy

  2. Questions to Consider… • Should Methacton require school uniforms? • Should athletics be a part of a publicly funded education? • Should Methacton offer AP classes knowing that they are costly and serve a small portion of the student body? • Should students who come from low income families receive federally subsidized school lunches? • Should Methacton give the Keystone exam to measure student success? • Should teacher effectiveness be measured by student achievement? • Should students of “failing” schools be able to attend a different school of their choice funded by the taxpayers?

  3. Education Policy • Education policy are the principles and government policy-making in the educational sphere, as well as the collection of laws and rules that govern the operation of education systems • Examples: school size, class size, school choice, school privatization, tracking, teacher education and certification, teacher pay, teaching methods, curricular content, graduation requirements, school infrastructure investment, and the values that schools are expected to uphold and model • Traditionally responsibility of the state

  4. Types of Education in America • Early childhood education • Kindergarten through to 12th grade • Two and four year colleges or universities • Graduate and professional education • Adult education and job training

  5. K-12 Education • In Pennsylvania, there are 501 Local Education Agencies (LEA) • Leadership elected at the local level (school boards) • State and federal mandates and oversight • No Child Left Behind (President Bush) • Race to the Top (President Obama) • Methacton Budget Document

  6. Chapter 21 Section IV, Education, Housing, & Transportation

  7. Federal Aid for Education • $1.3 billion in direct aid to local public schools • $12 billion in additional funds to be distributed through the states (block grants) • Aid to K-12 schools begins in 1917 • $17.6 billion in support for institutions of higher learning • Federal spending for colleges begins in 1862 with the Morrill Act, giving federal land for colleges to teach “Agriculture and Mechanical Arts” • Pennsylvania State University • GI Bill

  8. Education Issues • The Constitution leaves any powers not given to the federal government to the states (like education) • How and why does the federal government involve themselves?

  9. Housing & Urban Programs • Housing Policy • Federally funded loans and housing support programs • Promoting Home Buying • FHA – Federal Housing Admin. • Part of HUD (Housing & Urban Development) • Insures mortgages – low and middle income families can secure loans • Rent assistance to low income families

  10. Housing & Urban Programs • Urban Renewal • Cities apply for federal aid to clear deteriorating areas and rebuild • Remove run-down properties (slums) and sell at a reduced price to private builders • Controversy over neglect of lower income housing

  11. Housing & Urban Programs • Public Housing Programs • Government gives money to local governments to construct public housing for low-income families • Government gives subsidies allowing housing authorities to charge very low rents (sometimes cover up to 90%) • Issues: Many public housing projects have turned into slums due to mismanagement

  12. Transportation Programs • For homework: • Read Page 600-602 in text (Transportation Programs)

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