1 / 12

Translation

Translation. PROTEIN SYNTHESIS. 4 Components used in Translation. mRNA - the message to be translated into protein. Amino acids - the building blocks that are linked together to form the protein. Ribosomes - the “machines” that carry out translation.

vlad
Download Presentation

Translation

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Translation PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

  2. 4 Components used in Translation • mRNA- the message to be translated into protein. • Amino acids- the building blocks that are linked together to form the protein. • Ribosomes- the “machines” that carry out translation.

  3. tRNA(transfer RNA)- brings an amino acid to the mRNA and ribosome. • One end of a tRNA molecule has an anticodon that complements with an mRNA codon. • The other end has a specific amino acid. • A tRNA molecule with a particular anticodon always carries the same type of amino acid.

  4. How does translation occur? • The ribosome binds to the mRNA molecule. • The tRNA with the anticodon that complements the first codon on the mRNA binds to the first site on the ribosome. • Another tRNA with the anticodon that complements the second codon on the mRNA binds to the second site on the ribosome.

  5. A peptide bond forms between the first two amino acids. • The first tRNA leaves, and the ribosome moves along the mRNA to the next codon. • The next tRNA brings in the next amino acid, and a peptide bond is formed between this amino acid and the growing amino acid chain. • The process continues with the ribosome moving along the mRNA molecule and the amino acids linking together until a STOP codon is reached.

  6. The CODE of translation

  7. CODONS mRNA nucleotides are translated in groups of 3 called codons. AUGCACUGCAGUCGAUGA

  8. Each codon codes for a specific amino acid. 20 different amino acids can be used in different combinations to form a protein. For example: mRNA codonamino acid AAU asparagine CGC arginine GGG glycine

  9. Amino Acid sequence determines the 3-D protein shape • Interactions between amino acids cause folding and bending of the chain Examples: • positive (+) and negative (-) parts of amino acids are attracted to each other. • hydrophobic regions are attracted to each other • Folding http://www.stolaf.edu/people/giannini/flashanimat/proteins/hydrophobic%20force.swf • Structure levels http://www.stolaf.edu/people/giannini/flashanimat/proteins/protein structure.swf

  10. How is the amino acid sequence determined? • The mRNA • Each codon is a code for one amino acid DNA sequence: T A C C G A G A T T C A mRNA sequence: A U GG C UC U AA G U amino acid sequence: Met -- Ala -- Leu -- Ser

  11. Your turn • Decoder construction-DNA Bingo • Translation exercise (Find the secret message) • Genes to proteins-practice worksheet. • or • Complete the “Translation Practice” worksheet

More Related