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EE663: Digital Image Processing

EE663: Digital Image Processing. The first photograph in the world. Joseph Nicéphore Niépce, View from the Window at Le Gras , 1826. EE663-Digital Image Processing & Analysis Dr. Samir H. Abdul-Jauwad Electrical Engineering Department King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals. Tour Guide.

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EE663: Digital Image Processing

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  1. EE663: Digital Image Processing The first photograph in the world Joseph Nicéphore Niépce, View from the Window at Le Gras, 1826.

  2. EE663-Digital Image Processing& Analysis Dr. Samir H. Abdul-JauwadElectrical Engineering DepartmentKing Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals

  3. Tour Guide Image Acquisition Image Generation D.I.P. Theme Park Image Compression Image Analysis Image Manipulation Image Display Image Perception

  4. A Historical Overview of DIP Newspaper industry used Bartlane cable picture transmission system to send pictures by submarine cable between London and New York in 1920s

  5. Early Improvement The number of distinct gray levels coded by Bartlane system was improved from 5 to 15 by the end of 1920s

  6. The Born of Digital Computers • The images in previous slides are digital; but they are NOT considered as the results of DIP • What do we mean by Digital Image Processing • Processing digital images by a digital computer • DIP has been dependent on the development of digital computers and other supporting technologies (e.g., data storage, display and transmission)

  7. Soar Into Outer Space The first picture of moon by US spacecraft Ranger 7 on July 31, 1964 at 9:09AM EDT

  8. The Born of Computer Tomography Sir Godfrey N. Housefield and Prof. Allan M. Cormack shared 1979 Nobel Prize in Medicine for the invention of CT

  9. The Boom of Digital Imagesin the Last 20 Years • Acquisition • Digital cameras, scanners • MRI and Ultrasound imaging • Infrared and microwave imaging • Transmission • Internet, satellite and wireless communication • Storage • CD/DVD, Blu-ray • Falsh memory, Phase-change memory • Display • Printers, LCD monitor, digital TV • Portable DVD player, PDAs, cell-phone

  10. A Physical Perspective of Image Acquisition • Extend the capabilities of human vision systems • From visible spectrum to non-visible electromagnetic power spectrum • From close-distance sensing to remote sensing

  11. Visible (I): Photography

  12. Visible (II): Motion Pictures

  13. Visible (III): Law Enhancement and Biometrics

  14. Visible (IV): Light Microscopy Taxol (250) Cholesterol (40) Microprocessor (60)

  15. Visible (V): Remote Sensing America at night (Nov. 27, 2000) Hurricane Andrew taken by NOAA GEOS

  16. Beyond Visible (I): Thermal Images Operate in infrared frequency Human body disperses heat (red pixels) Different colors indicate varying temperatures

  17. Beyond Visible (II): Radar Images Operate in microwave frequency Moutains in Southeast Tibet

  18. Beyond Visible (III): MRI and Astronomy Operate in radio frequency knee spine head infrared radio visible

  19. Beyond Visible (IV): Fluorescence Microscopy Operate in ultraviolet frequency normal corn smut corn

  20. Beyond Visible (V): Medical Diagnostics Operate in X-ray frequency chest head

  21. Beyond Visible (VI): PET and Astronomy Operate in gamma-ray frequency Cygnus Loop in the constellation of Cygnus Positron Emission Tomography

  22. Other Non-Electro-Magnetic Imaging Modalities • Acoustic imaging • Translate “sound waves” into image signals • Electron microscopy • Shine a beam of electrons through a speciman • Synthetic images in Computer Graphics • Computer generated (non-existent in the real world)

  23. Acoustic Imaging visible seismic potential locations of oil/gas

  24. Electron Microscope 2500 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) image of damaged integrated circuit (white fibers are oxides resulting from thermal destruction)

  25. Cartoon Pictures (Non-photorealistic)

  26. Synthetic Images in Gaming Age of Empire III by Ensemble Studios

  27. Virtual Reality (Photorealistic)

  28. Graphics in Art

  29. Graphics in Medicine

  30. Mixture of Graphics and Photos Morgantown, WV in Google Map

  31. Summary: Why do we need images? • Various imaging modalities help us to see invisible objects due to • Opaqueness (e.g., see through human body) • Far distance (e.g., remote sensing) • Small size (e.g., light microscopy) • Other signals (e.g., seismic) can also be translated into images to facilitate the analysis • Images are important to convey information and support reasoning A picture is worth a thousand words!

  32. Toward the Future: Nano-scale Imaging New imaging technology that can reveal fine structures at the nano scale is going to be useful In biology (e.g., protein sequencing and folding)

  33. Tour Guide Image Acquisition Image Generation D.I.P. Theme Park Image Compression Image Analysis Image Manipulation Image Display Image Perception

  34. Image Display and Perception • Display • CRT, LCD, DLP, Plasma, LCOS, D-ILA • HDTV, display wall • PDA, cellular phone, Gameboy • Stereoscopic (3D) • Perception • Human Vision System (HVS) • Vision-related diseases and healthcare

  35. CRT: Cathode Ray Tube Mitsubishi WS-55813 Rear Projection CRT Sony KV34XBR910 Direct View CRT Future: extinction

  36. LCD: Liquid Crystal Display Future: bigger, faster, cheaper Philips 42FD9954 Flat Screen LCD Display

  37. Virtual Wall NASA Space Shuttle on the display wall, March 1999

  38. Display on Mobile Devices Gameboy cell phone portable DVD PDA

  39. 3D Display

  40. The Ultimate Display: Virtual Retinal Display

  41. Human Vision System Simultaneous contrast

  42. Fascinating Optical Illusions

  43. Interpretation Ambiguity Is it duck or hare? Is it seal or donkey?

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