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Explore North Carolina's political landscape in the early 19th century, from the First Party System to the War of 1812 and economic challenges. Learn about key figures like Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson, the Whiskey Rebellion, and the state's transformation into the "Rip Van Winkle state." Discover the impact of the Great Revival, the Murphey Program, and the state's move toward greener pastures through internal improvements and public education reforms.
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North Carolina in the New Nation Chapter 11
The First Party System • Alexander Hamilton (NY): secretary of treasury • Thomas Jefferson (VA): secretary of state • Hamilton wished to set up a national bank, the Bank of the United States; this bank would lend $ to the federal government and issue paper currency
Political Parties • Federalists: led by Washington and Hamilton; believed in a strong national government. • Republicans: led by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison; believed in individual rights and a weak central government
NC in Politics • Chisholm v. Georgia: James Iredell argued that individual citizens could not sue a state in a federal court. This principle became the 11th Amendment of the Constitution
Whiskey Rebellion • In 1791, a tax called an excise was passed by Congress. • This tax was placed on whiskey made in the United States; Hamilton hoped to raise $ with this tax • Whiskey Rebellion: a protest among farmers who refused to pay the excise tax
From Federalist to Republican • The U.S. and France signed the Convention of 1800, which ended the alliance held with France since 1778. • Nathaniel Macon: Republican • Believed in a debt-free nation • Favored a weak federal government with few powers
War of 1812 • Causes of the War • Britain and France took American ships • Americans believed that Britain was stirring up Indians in the West • War Hawks wanted the U.S. to take Canada from Britain • An embargo was issued in hopes that Britain & France would stop taking U.S. ships
NC in the War • Col. Forsyth: took part in battles along the Canadian border • Johnston Blakely: commanded the Enterprise and Wasp; he was lost at sea • Otway Burns: brought back valuable supplies for the war • Dolley Madison: saved valuable items from the president’s residence
Effects of the War • Treaty of Ghent: signed in Belgium; ended the War of 1812
Rip Van Winkle State • N.C. was known as the Rip Van Winkle state because: • Fell behind the rest of the nation in agriculture, transportation, manufacturing and education • State government was controlled by easterners who resisted change • Few internal improvements were made
Moving to Greener Pastures • North Carolinians moved to the West for: • A more democratic government • Economic opportunities
The Great Revival • Great Revival: highly personal and emotional religious activity; brought to N.C. in the 1750’s by Baptists.
The Murphey Program • This program of Archibald Murphey called for: • Internal Improvements: needed a system of land & water transportation to bring domestic and foreign trade to NC • Public education: each county would have 2 or more primary schools • Constitutional Reform: state constitution had to be revised • Drainage of Swamplands: to provide rich farmlands