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Body Systems

Body Systems. Competency: MD03 Analyze the relationship of tissues, organs, and body systems Objectives: MD03.01 Identify structural units of the body MD03.02 Analyze body tissues and membranes. What are anatomy & physiology?.

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Body Systems

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  1. Body Systems Competency: MD03 Analyze the relationship of tissues, organs, and body systems Objectives: MD03.01 Identify structural units of the body MD03.02 Analyze body tissues and membranes

  2. What are anatomy & physiology? • Anatomy – study of body structures • Physiology – study of body functions Structure & Function are often closely related

  3. What is a disease? • Upsets normal body structure or function • Pathology • Pathophysiology • Related Terms • Etiology • Epidemiology • Diagnosis • Prognosis

  4. Anatomical Position • Standing erect, face and palms forward, arms at side.

  5. Anatomic TerminologyPosition and Direction (page 1) • Anterior or ventral • Front, or in front of • Posterior or dorsal • Back or in back of • Cranial • Refers to head of the body • Caudal • Means tail end • Superior • Upper or above • Inferior • Lower or below

  6. (page 2) • Medial • Toward the middle • Lateral • Toward the side of the body • Proximal • Toward point of attachment to body or trunk (near) • Distal • Away from point of attachment to body or trunk (away from) • Superficial (external) • Near surface or outside of body • Deep (internal) • Inside the body

  7. Body Planes and Sections • Planes – imaginary anatomical dividing lines • Sagittal Plane • Divides into Rt. And Lt. parts • ? mid-sagittal plane • Coronal (frontal) Plane • Vertical cut at right angles to sagittal plane, divides into front and back sections • Transverse Plane • Cross-section, horizontal cut divides into upper and lower parts • Section – cut made through the body in the direction of a certain plane

  8. Body Cavities • Dorsal cavity • Contains cranial and spinal • Brain in cranial cavity • Spinal cord n spinal cavity • Anterior (ventral) cavity • Contains thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities • Thoracic cavity contains lungs and heart • Abdominal cavity contains stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder and pancreas • Pelvic cavity contains bladder and reproductive organs

  9. Abdominopelvic Regions Lt. Hypochondriac Epigastric Rt. Hypochondriac Lt. Lumbar Rt. Lumbar Umbilical Rt. Inguinal HypogastricLt. Inguinal

  10. Tissues • Cells grouped because they are similar in shape, size, structure, and function

  11. Different types of tissues • Epithelial tissue • Covers internal and external surfaces and produces secretions • Muscle tissue • Ability to contract and move the body • Nervous tissue • Cells react to stimuli and conduct an in impulse • Connective tissue • Supports and connects organs and tissue

  12. Types of connective tissue

  13. Adipose tissue • Stores fat cells • Areolar tissue • Surrounds organs and supports nerve cells / blood vessels • Ligaments • Strong, flexible bands of tissue; holds bones together at joints • Tendons • Attaches skeletal muscle to bone; white bands of tissue

  14. Aponeuroses • Flat, wide bands of tissue; holds one muscle to another • Fasciae • Fibrous tissue sheets that wrap around muscle bundles to hold them in place • Cartilage • Firm, flexible support of embryonic skeleton and part of adult skeleton

  15. Membranes • Formed by putting two thin layers of similar tissue together • Cells may secrete fluid • Two different types • Mucous • Serous

  16. Line open systems Digestive Reproductive Respiratory Urinary Mucous membranes

  17. Serous membranes • Double-walled, produces watery fluid, lines closed body cavities • Parietal membrane - outer part, lines the actual cavity • Visceral membrane - part covering organs

  18. Organs and Systems • Organ System –group of organs acting together to perform a specific, related function • Organ Systems we will study include: Integumentary Circulatory Skeletal Excretory Muscular Nervous Digestive Endocrine Respiratory Lymphatic Reproductive

  19. Primary and secondary repair Tissue Repair:

  20. Primary Repair • Graft • skin transplanted to heal larger wounds • If deeper tissues are involved – sutures are used to sew edges together. • In clean wound with no infection • New epithelial cells push up toward skin surface • Larger area – fluid escapes from broken capillaries, dries, and seals the wound with a scab

  21. Secondary Repair • Granulation • Occurs in large open wounds, causing surface area to have bubbly texture, consists of newly formed capillaries and fibroblasts • Cicatrix -- scar tissue

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