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Your Cardiovascular System: Structure, Function, and Health

Explore the intricate workings of the cardiovascular system, from the structure of the heart and blood vessels to functions like delivering materials, fighting disease, and regulating blood pressure. Learn about maintaining cardiovascular health through exercise, diet, and avoiding harmful habits.

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Your Cardiovascular System: Structure, Function, and Health

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  1. Body Systems The Cardiovascular System

  2. Delivering Materials • Picks up glucose to be used for energy • Continually pumps blood • Removing Wastes • CO2 is released as waste product in energy production – taken to lungs to be exhaled • Fighting Disease • Cells that attack microorganisms • Substances that seal cuts to prevent entry Functions of the CV System

  3. Structure of the Heart • Left Side vs Right Side • Oxygenated vsdeoxygenated blood • Chambers • Atria: upper chambers; receive blood entering the heart • Ventricle: lower chambers; pumps blood out of the heart • Valves • Between atrium and ventricle • Allow blood to pass in one direction The Heart

  4. Structure of the Heart The Heart

  5. Your Heartbeat • Phase 1: heart relaxes – atria fill • Phase 2: heart contracts – blood pumped • Atria contract – blood to ventricles • Ventricles contract – blood into large vessels to rest of body • Lub-Dub Sound • Valves between atria and ventricles • Valves between ventricles and large vessels The Heart

  6. Your Heartbeat • Regulated by the PACEMAKER • Average resting heart rate (RHR) is 70-80 • Speeds up during exercise to meet increased demands of sugar and oxygen. The Heart

  7. Arteries • Carry blood away from the heart • Carry oxygen-rich blood (except from heart to lungs) • Thick walls – strong and flexible • When ventricles contract, blood is pumped into the arteries • When feeling for a pulse you are feeling for an artery to expand. The Blood Vessels

  8. Capillaries • Branch off from the smallest arteries • Oxygen and dissolved substances diffuse through walls and into cells • Waste products (CO2) diffuses into the blood The Blood Vessels

  9. Veins • Large, thin-walled • Carry blood to the heart • Skeletal muscle contractions squeeze blood back to heart • Valves prevent backward flow The Blood Vessels

  10. Measuring Blood Pressure • The force with which blood pushes against the walls of your blood vessels. • Sphygmomanometer – used to measure The Blood Vessels

  11. Blood Pressure • Normal: 90/60 to 119/79 • Low: medications, dehydration, allergies • High: 140/90 – hypertension • Systolic Pressure: pressure caused when heart’s ventricles contract • Diastolic Pressure: pressure when ventricles are relaxed The Blood Vessels

  12. 4-6 quarts of blood circulating • Complex tissue consisting of cells and cell pieces in watery solution The Blood

  13. Plasma • Straw colored liquid component • 55% of blood • Mostly water; nutrients, hormones, and salts • Carry wastes – urea to kidneys • Red Blood Cells (RBC’s) • Carry oxygen from lungs to rest of body • Contain hemoglobin – iron containing substance for oxygen binding The Blood

  14. White Blood Cells (WBC’s) • Larger than RBC’s but there are less • Help protect against disease and foreign substance • Platelets • Cell fragments used in clotting process The Blood

  15. Blood Types • Determined by protein on surface of RBC • Rh positive and negative • Transfusions • If a patient is given the wrong blood the blood will clump together in blood vessels The Blood

  16. Hypertension • Damages blood vessel walls • Heart must work harder – may weaken and eventually fail to pump blood • Known as the silent killer • Control with weight loss, exercise, low sodium • Heart Attack and Stroke • Arteries thicken and blood flow is constricted • Cells don’t receive adequate oxygen or clots form Cardiovascular Diseases

  17. Blood Cholesterol • Body produces, take in through animal products • Transported by lipoproteins • Low-Density Lipoproteins (LDL): carry cholesterol for use in the body; “bad cholesterol” because it can lead to plaque • High-Density Lipoproteins (HDL): pick up excess cholesterol and take it to the liver; “good cholesterol” • ATHEROSCLEROSIS: plaque build-up; too much LDL, not enough HDL Cardiovascular Diseases

  18. Heart Murmur: an extra sound; sometimes disappear with no treatment • Opening in Heart Wall: ALL babies have before birth – problem when it doesn’t seal between two atria • ARRHYTHMIA: irregular heartbeat Cardiovascular Diseases

  19. Exercise • 60 minutes most days • Strengthen heart; decrease BP; decrease stress; increase HDL • Diet • Limit fried, processed, and animal products • Avoid Smoking • Tobacco damages blood vessels Keeping Healthy

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