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Understanding Radioactive Decay: Types, Processes, and Half-Life Explanations

Explore the fascinating world of nuclear chemistry with this comprehensive guide on radioactive decay. Learn about alpha, beta, positron, and gamma emissions, as well as the concept of half-life and decay series. Unravel the mysteries behind nuclear decay and why nuclides undergo such processes. With detailed explanations and examples, enhance your knowledge on transmutation and the need for stable neutron-to-proton ratios.

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Understanding Radioactive Decay: Types, Processes, and Half-Life Explanations

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  1. CHAPTER22 Nuclear Chemistry II. Radioactive Decay (p. 705 - 712) I II III IV

  2. A. Types of Radiation • Alpha particle () • helium nucleus paper 2+ • Beta particle (-) • electron 1- lead • Positron (+) • positron 1+ concrete • Gamma () • high-energy photon 0

  3. parent nuclide alpha particle daughter nuclide B. Nuclear Decay • Alpha Emission Numbers must balance!!

  4. electron positron B. Nuclear Decay • Beta Emission • Positron Emission

  5. electron B. Nuclear Decay • Electron Capture • Gamma Emission • Usually follows other types of decay. • Transmutation • One element becomes another.

  6. B. Nuclear Decay • Why nuclides decay… • need stable ratio of neutrons to protons DECAY SERIES TRANSPARENCY

  7. C. Half-life • Half-life (t½) • Time required for half the atoms of a radioactive nuclide to decay. • Shorter half-life = less stable.

  8. C. Half-life mf:final mass mi:initial mass n:# of half-lives

  9. C. Half-life • Fluorine-21 has a half-life of 5.0 seconds. If you start with 25 g of fluorine-21, how many grams would remain after 60.0 s? GIVEN: t½ = 5.0 s mi = 25 g mf = ? total time = 60.0 s n = 60.0s ÷ 5.0s =12 WORK: mf = mi (½)n mf = (25 g)(0.5)12 mf = 0.0061 g

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