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Moving Day 1 May 1901 (La Patrie)

Segregation in Montreal 1881 - 1901. Experiments with the H-GIS ‘Montréal, l’avenir du passé’. by Sherry Olson, Jason Gilliland, Danielle Gauvreau, and Patricia Thornton, with help from everybody. Moving Day 1 May 1901 (La Patrie). Building the ‘MAP’ H-GIS. 1825 1846 1880 1903

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Moving Day 1 May 1901 (La Patrie)

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  1. Segregation in Montreal 1881 - 1901 Experiments with the H-GIS ‘Montréal, l’avenir du passé’ by Sherry Olson, Jason Gilliland, Danielle Gauvreau, and Patricia Thornton, with help from everybody Moving Day 1 May 1901 (La Patrie)

  2. Building the ‘MAP’ H-GIS 1825 1846 1880 1903 1949 2000 Streets City blocks Lots Buildings Households Individuals Connecting past and present Historical maps are digitized, rectified & georeferenced, and integrated with databanks from taxroll or census

  3. 1846 1880 L'habitat nouveau By 1898, 3/4 lived in houses like these Maison bâtie avant 1852, démolie 1898 Collection Notman, Musée McCord L'habitat ancien

  4. Screen shot shows 2 census households, the Dillons and the Hollidays, living in Point St-Charles, with family members reported in the census of 1881 Holiday Dillon

  5. Databases are hooked together as map layers Map link to lot Map layers from Goad Map link to point Map link to census division 3 sources 5 tables Census household head Census family members Taxroll of occupants Property owner roll Lovell’s directory

  6. Diversity revealed at finer scales Montreal, 1881

  7. Status differences at the block level

  8. Among families with 2 or more servants Among families with 1 servant Among families with no servant or who supply a servant Segregation measured between Protestant and Irish Catholics (at left), between Irish Catholics and French, between French and Protestants (at right)

  9. Concentrations and levels of diversity by district in 1901

  10. Montreal ‘double duplex’: Segregation / diversity is built into the urban habitat

  11. Storage yellow liquor Filter Filter Kiln Storage yellow liquor Carpenter shop Sugar house Boiler room Coal Steam engines Sugar house Boiler room St Lawrence Sugar Refinery, Filter pots crashed, knocking out a wall of 6-story syrup house, 6:30am, outside doors locked, no fire escapes, 6 deaths (Star 15 July 1887). Risks to the male labour force were great, employers were rarely held responsible.

  12. Occupational status High merchants) Low (labourers) Anglo Protestant In models of the risk of mortality of infants, cultural affiliation had a powerful impact; for children 1-4 years old, economic status of the household weighed more heavily. French Catholic Is spatial segregation a factor? Environmental factors were intercorrelated. Irish Catholic

  13. Vulnerability of infants was affected by age, seasonal risks, and age at which they were weaned Months 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

  14. Family strategies for survival and upward mobility Marriages between groups, 9/10 an Irish Catholic woman F I P

  15. People moved to the city to improve their life chances. Risks were greater for babies and small children, for French Canadian women and babies, for labourers, and for Irish Catholic men and boys. In each community, of the children who survived, 40% moved up. Upward mobility observed 1842-1901 among Irish Catholic household heads The trend among 'heads of household' reflects the replacement of Irish-born immigrant fathers by their sons. Source : Census, Montreal, Ryan samples

  16. Using the H-GIS to observe segregation • Methodological caution • Segregation is multidimensional • Need to understand stability • Need to understand diversity • Segregation and diversity are built • into the urban habitat

  17. Using the H-GIS to model mortality • Getting beyond mapping • Multivariate analysis • Risking hypotheses • Putting space into the model • The problem of scale

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