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Metric System

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The metric system is a standardized method of measurement based on base units for length (meter), volume (liter), mass (gram), temperature (Celsius), and time (seconds). Length is measured with yardsticks or rulers, while volume can be assessed using graduated cylinders and density calculated as mass over volume. The system utilizes prefixes like kilo, centi, and milli, which simplify conversions by powers of ten. For temperature, conversion between Celsius and Fahrenheit is essential, and understanding density aids in predicting whether objects will float or sink in water.

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Metric System

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  1. Metric System

  2. Measurements • Length-measure of distance • Measured with a yard stick or ruler • Volume-measure of how much space an object takes up • Measured with a graduated cylinder, by water displacement, or by equation • cube volume=length X width X height (LXWXH) • Mass-technically a measure of matter, but here on Earth it is the same thing as weight • Measured with a triple-beam-balance

  3. Metric System • The metric system is based on a base unit for each measurement • Length = meter • Volume = liter • Mass(Weight) = gram • Temperature = Celsius • Time = seconds • Prefixes plus base units make up the metric system • Example: • Centi + meter = Centimeter

  4. Metric System • The three prefixes that we will use the most are: • kilo • centi • milli

  5. Metric System • These prefixes are based on powers of 10. • From each “step” is either: • 10 times larger or • 10 times smaller

  6. Why 10 times larger? • Units that are 10 times larger or smaller are easier to convert. 1 centimeter = 10 millimeters 40 41 40 41 1 cm

  7. Metric System • For each “step” to right, you are multiplying by 10 1 liter = 10 deciliters = 100 centiliters 2 grams = 20 decigrams = 200 centigrams ( 1 x 10 = 10) = (10 x 10 = 100) (2 x 10 = 20) = (20 x 10 = 200)

  8. Metric System • An easy way to move within the metric system is by moving the decimal point one place for each “step” 1 meter = 10 decimeters = 100 centimeters or 1.00 meter = 10.0 decimeters = 100. centimeters

  9. Metric System • Now let’s try from meters to kilometers: 16000 meters = 1600 decameters 160 hectometers 16 kilometers

  10. Metric System • If you move to the left in the diagram, move the decimal to the left • If you move to the right in the diagram, move the decimal to the right

  11. Temperature • Celsius Scale is based on water • The freezing point of water is 0OC • The boiling point of water is 100OC

  12. Temperature Conversion • The equations to convert between Fahrenheit and Celsius are: °F = (1.8 x °C) +32 °C = (°F-32) x 0.555

  13. Example • If it is 80°F outside, what is the temperature in °C? °C = (°F-32) x 0.555 °C = (80-32) x 0.555 °C = (48) x 0.555 °C = 26.6

  14. Density • Density is calculated by dividing the mass of an object by the volume. Density = Mass/Volume • For example 1mL of water has a mass of 1g. Density = Mass/Volume Density = 1g/1mL Density = 1g/mL • Objects with a density less than 1g/mL will float in water and objects with a density greater than 1g/mL will sink in water

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