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Graduates’ qualifications and quality of jobs: the case of Poland

Graduates’ qualifications and quality of jobs: the case of Poland. Gabriela Grotkowska Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Warsaw. Motivation for research. „Job quality problem”: Low-pay employment  „working poor”

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Graduates’ qualifications and quality of jobs: the case of Poland

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  1. Graduates’ qualifications and quality of jobs: the case of Poland Gabriela Grotkowska Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Warsaw

  2. Motivation for research • „Job quality problem”: • Low-pay employment  „working poor” • Non-standard employment behind growth of employment in many OECD countries • Growing differences in employment conditions between new-entrants to the labour market and elder workers • What factors determine these differences? What is the role of educational factors? • Access to unique data set University of Ljubljana, 24-26September 2009

  3. Labour market success as a measure of education quality • Labour market success as a criterion of a quality of the education system • How to measure labour market success? • Labour market participation • Employment • Problem with ILO definition of employment  quality of employment University of Ljubljana, 24-26September 2009

  4. Characteristics of the youths’ employment • Still persons aged 15-29 constitute almost ¼ of total employment University of Ljubljana, 24-26 September 2009

  5. Youth’s job quality: employment status and type of contract University of Ljubljana, 24-26 September 2009

  6. Youth’s job quality: NACE sections and work conditions • Young people significantly: • more often than on average work in trade and repairs, hotels and restaurants, construction, perosnal services • more often than average work on part-time basis, on shifts, on evenings and weekends • more rarely work in overtime • total time of work of the young people is simmilar to overall average University of Ljubljana, 24-26 September 2009

  7. Youth’s job quality: wages University of Ljubljana, 24-26 September 2009

  8. Syntetic job quality index (1) University of Ljubljana, 24-26 September 2009

  9. Syntetic job quality index (2) University of Ljubljana, 24-26 September 2009

  10. Syntetic job quality index (3) University of Ljubljana, 24-26 September 2009

  11. Explaining differences in the level of job quality • Gender • Region and class of settlement unit • Year of graduation • Level and field of education, additional skills (ability to speak foreign language, use computer, having a driving license etc.), • Management skills or ability to work in international environment, • Characteristics of the process of education: • type of school and mode of education , • average grade, • participation in school-based traineeship programme, • participation in extra courses, • Participation in training after graduation from school, • Work experience, • Contacts in work environment), • Average level of parents’ education. University of Ljubljana, 24-26 September 2009

  12. Regression results • Positive impact on job quality: • being man (+0.79) • living in big cities (+0.30/0.53), living in some regions • longer time from graduation (+0.4/0.8) • growing education level (not strictly monotonic; +3.7) • surprising results concerning fields of education • computer skills (+0.37) and driving licence (+0.32) • growing average grade (+0.26) • participation in non compulsory additional courses (+0.30) and activities concerning professional career management (+0.46) during school education • participation in training after having graduated from school (+0.46) • growing average parents’ education level (+0.17) • work experience (+0.43) • contacts within professional environment (+0.76) University of Ljubljana, 24-26 September 2009

  13. Regression results • Insignificant: • speaking a foreign language • participation in school based traineeship programmes, • ownership of school and mode of education • international experience and ability for work in international environment • Negative impact: • possessing a second profession, • adaptability do changing conditions and • managerial skills. University of Ljubljana, 24-26 September 2009

  14. Conclusions • Significant differences in job quality of different age cohorts of the labour force: lower job quality of the youth • Significant role of selected education factors in determining job quality • Question: how permanent this effect is? Dual labour market?  area for further studies (panel data) University of Ljubljana, 24-26 September 2009

  15. Thank you for your attention.

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