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Chapter 8 The Dynamic Planet

Chapter 8 The Dynamic Planet. Elemental Geosystems 5e. Robert W. Christopherson Charles E. Thomsen. The Dynamic Planet. The Pace of Change   Earth’s Structure and Internal Energy   The Geologic Cycle   Plate Tectonics  . The Pace of Change  . Geologic Time Scale Uniformitarianism.

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Chapter 8 The Dynamic Planet

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  1. Chapter 8The Dynamic Planet Elemental Geosystems 5e Robert W. Christopherson Charles E. Thomsen

  2. The Dynamic Planet • The Pace of Change   • Earth’s Structure and Internal Energy   • The Geologic Cycle   • Plate Tectonics  

  3. The Pace of Change   • Geologic Time Scale • Uniformitarianism

  4. Geologic Time Scale Figure 8.1

  5. Earth’s Structure and Internal Energy   • Earth in Cross Section • Earth’s core   • Earth’s magnetism • Earth’s mantle   • Lithosphere and crust  

  6. Earth in Cross Section Figure 8.2

  7. Earth’s Interior Figure 8.2

  8. Earth’s Interior Figure 8.2

  9. Earth’s Interior Figure 8.2

  10. Core to Crust Figure 8.3

  11. Isostatic Adjustment Figure 8.4

  12. The Geologic Cycle • The Rock Cycle   • Igneous processes   • Sedimentary processes   • Metamorphic processes  

  13. The Geologic Cycle Figure 8.5

  14. Minerals: Building Blocks of Rocks • By definition a mineral is/has • Naturally occurring • Inorganic solid • Ordered internal molecular structure • Definite chemical composition • Rock • A solid aggregate of minerals

  15. Cubic Crystals of Pyrite Figure 1.7 A

  16. Elemental Abundances in Continental Crust Figure 1.14

  17. Mineral Groups • Silicates • Most important mineral group • Comprise most rock-forming minerals • Very abundant due to large % of silicon and oxygen in Earth’s crust • Silicon-oxygen tetrahedron • Fundamental building block • Four oxygen ions surrounding a much smaller silicon ion

  18. Table 1.1

  19. Quartz (SiO2) Exhibits a Variety of Colors

  20. The Rock Cycle Figure 8.6

  21. Igneous Rock Types Figure 8.7

  22. Intrusive and Extrusive Rocks Figure 8.8

  23. Course-Grained Igneous Texture Figure 2.4 B

  24. Sedimentary Rock Types Figure 8.9

  25. Metamorphic Rocks Figure 8.12

  26. Plate Tectonics   • A Brief History   • Sea-Floor Spreading and Production of New Crust   • Subduction of the Crust   • The Formation and Breakup of Pangaea   • Plate Boundaries   • Earthquake and Volcanic Activity   • Hot Spots

  27. Crustal Movements Figure 8.13

  28. Continents Adrift Figure 8.15

  29. Magnetic Reversals Figure 8.14

  30. Ocean Floor Figure 8.17

  31. Earth’s Major Plates Figure 8.16

  32. Earthquakes and Volcanoes Figure 8.18

  33. Hot Spot Tracks Figure 8.19

  34. End of Chapter 8 Elemental Geosystems 5e Robert W. Christopherson Charles E. Thomsen

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