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Chapter 6 The Second Industrial Revolution

Chapter 6 The Second Industrial Revolution. Section 1 The Age of Invention. Industrial Innovations. 1865-1905 a surge of industrial growth Coal and steam made possible the first Industrial Revolution in America In the late 1800s steel helped spur a second period of industrialization. Steel.

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Chapter 6 The Second Industrial Revolution

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  1. Chapter 6 The Second Industrial Revolution Section 1 The Age of Invention

  2. Industrial Innovations • 1865-1905 a surge of industrial growth • Coal and steam made possible the first Industrial Revolution in America • In the late 1800s steel helped spur a second period of industrialization

  3. Steel • 1850s Henry Bessemer and William Kelly developed a method of steelmaking that burned off the impurities in molten iron with a blast of hot air • Bessemer Process-could produce more steel in one day than the older techniques could in one week • Bessemer Process • Uses-railroad, bridges, buildings, new multistory buildings, nails and wire

  4. Oil • 1850s chemists and geologists made huge improvements to refine crude oil • Uses: kerosene lamps and fuel

  5. Oil boom in Western, PA • Edwin L. Drake used a steam engine to drill for oil near Titusville, PA • Drake’s Folly • 20 barrels a day • This encouraged prospectors to search for “black gold” • 1880s-oil wells dotted Ohio, PA and WV • 1880s-25 million barrels of oil • 1901-engineer Anthony Lucas struck oil in Texas and began the TX oil boom (1904 it was drained)

  6. Other uses for oil • Kerosene remained a primary product of oil refining until 1880 • Other petroleum products that increased the industrial uses of oil were discovered • Waxes and lubricating oil for use in new industrial machines • Elijah McCoy, a former slave, invented a lubricating cup that fed oil to parts of a machine while it was running • McCoy received a patent McCoy's patent

  7. Transportation-Railroad • Steel and oil innovations led to a boom in transportation • Cheaper steel encouraged RR companies to lay more track • More efficient railroad system • Transcontinental railroad was completed in 1869 • Central Pacific and Union Pacific Railroads were joined

  8. Railroad advancements • George Westinghouse-compressed air-brake • Increased RR safety • Granville T. Woods-improved the air-brake • Created a communications system • Track design-double sets of tracks • Standard gauge, or width between the rails, made rail transportation faster and cheaper

  9. Effects of the railroad • Increased western settlements • Travel was affordable and easy • Stimulated urban growth • New towns • Existing towns grew into cities • Provided many jobs • Spurred growth of older industries • Refrigerated freight cars • Shaped American popular culture and folk music

  10. Horseless carriage • A self-propelled vehicle and forerunner to the automobile (1770) • Nikolaus A. Otto invented the first internal combustion engine powered by gasoline in 1876 • 1890s more Americans began using a horseless carriage (usually only the wealthy)

  11. Airplanes • Internal combustion engine led to advances in flight • Orville and Wilbur Wright of Dayton, OH developed one of the first working airplanes

  12. Communications • Telegraph-Samuel F. B. Morse • Telephone-Alexander Graham Bell • Typewriter-Christopher Sholes • Thomas Edison-automatic typewriter • Bell's telephone

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