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U.S. Expansion – Markets/Economy

During the period between 1825 and 1850, the U.S. expanded their production, markets, and foreign trade. New inventions and the rapid growth of manufacturing fed this expansion. U.S. Expansion – Markets/Economy. Causes –

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U.S. Expansion – Markets/Economy

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  1. During the period between 1825 and 1850, the U.S. expanded their production, markets, and foreign trade. New inventions and the rapid growth of manufacturing fed this expansion. U.S. Expansion – Markets/Economy • Causes – • Specialization: People began specializing in what they made or grew (cash crops). They would sell their surplus and buy what they needed. Demand grew. • New Inventions: Goodyear developed vulcanized rubber, Elias Howe invented the sewing machine, S.F.B. Morse invented the telegraph, Fulton improved the steamboat, Deere invented the steel plow, … • Effects – • New methods of transportation & communication were developed that could move goods & information in half the time (telegraph, steamboats, trains). Regions of the country were linked both geographically & economically. • Costs of goods went down dramatically, one person could do what it took 5 previously. More people could afford goods.

  2. Our manifest destiny [is] to overspread the continent allotted by Providence for the free development of our yearly multiplying millions. --John L. O'Sullivan, 1845

  3. What does the term “Providence” mean? • “God, especially when conceived as omnisciently directing the universe and the affairs of humankind with wise benevolence.” • omnisciently – “having complete or unlimited knowledge, awareness, or understanding; perceiving all things”

  4. Expansion of the U.S.

  5. TheRailroadRevolution,1850s • Immigrant laborbuilt the No. RRs. • Slave laborbuilt the So. RRs.

  6. U.S. Expansion – “Manifest Destiny” By 1848, the U.S. had added the Louisiana and Oregon Territories. They had land ceded to them by Spain and Mexico. Plus, they had annexed Texas. A term, first used in a magazine took hold…Manifest Destiny, the rightful expansion of the nation from the Atlantic to the Pacific. Causes • Who went? • Many went for new opportunities, Panic of 1837 led many to attempt a new start. • Some went for farming or mining. • Merchants & traders soon followed. • Mormons settled near the Great Salt Lake. • Why did they go? • Vast tracks of “unclaimed” land existed. Ownership of land is important. • Discoveries of gold & silver fed the push westward. • With addition of the Oregon, new ports are added, opening Asian markets (Japan & China). • Mormons led by Brigham Young left Illinois to escape religious persecution.

  7. U.S. Expansion – “Manifest Destiny” Effects • On the west: • Trails went from Mississippi River to the west coast • By 1844, 5000 settlers had arrived in Oregon • Mormons turned Salt Lake City into a prosperous city • On the Native Americans (Indians): • Black Hawk War -- Sauk Tribe led war against the gov’t. Sauk lost & are forced westward. • Treaty of Fort Laramie – gave Indians control over Central Plains, Indians promised not to attack settlers traveling through these areas. • Increasing numbers of settlers destroyed hunting grounds • Eventually, natives will be pushed onto reservations.

  8. Trails of Westward Movement

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