END LECTURE THREE NEXT TIME: “New Style” Social Control (in Foucault’s words)

1. END LECTURE THREE NEXT TIME: “New Style” Social Control (in Foucault’s words) Max Weber, bureaucracy Bentham’s “Panopticon,” new style punishment Optional, but useful: Reinarman’s “Social construction of drug scares,” an application of Erikson’s theory “crime waves” & “boundary crises” Think about applying each theme to current events: • What is the symbolic meaning for the community? • What is the extent of formal rationality?

2. Lecture 4 (~ 27 slides; possibly 2 lectures): Formal, “new style” social control, bureaucracy • Previously: • Symbolic meaning, definitions, functions of crime/justice • This time: Formal organization of justice, • Bureaucracy/Weber: “domination through knowledge” • Foucault’s “technology of observation”

3. Bureaucracy • Often has a pejorative connotation in everyday language

4. Bureaucracy • Often has a pejorative connotation in everyday language • Not what we are talking about • A sociological concept • Whatever the “political” orientation to bureaucracy: • Imagine a world without it at all • Must acknowledge its effect on all of human life

5. Max Weber. • “Bureaucracy” • Specific form of organization and authority— • Formal, rational, rule-bound • Compare to “traditional” & “charismatic” authority

6. Max Weber. • “Bureaucracy” • Specific form of organization and authority— • Formal, rational, rule-bound • Compare to “traditional” & “charismatic” authority • Developed with states and capitalism • Efficiency, rationality • Means of exercising control • Important characteristics—

7. Six selected characteristics— • Body of formalized, abstract rules • “Acts, decisions, rules…recorded in writing”

8. Six selected characteristics— • Body of formalized, abstract rules • “Acts, decisions, rules…recorded in writing” • Staff is subject to control/“impersonal order” • No ownership or “appropriation” of offices

9. Six selected characteristics— • Body of formalized, abstract rules • “Acts, decisions, rules…recorded in writing” • Staff is subject to control/“impersonal order” • No ownership or “appropriation” of offices • “Spheres of competence”/division of labor • Hierarchy

10. Back to Foucault. Discipline and Punish • Max Weber’s bureaucracy • Where is it relevant to our discussion?

11. Back to Foucault. Discipline and Punish • Max Weber’s bureaucracy • Where is it relevant to our discussion? • A new “technology of observation” and information (applicable to all organizations – universities, prisons, media) • Foucault’s prime example?

12. Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832). • One architect of the “new” social control • “Utilitarianism”

13. Bentham’s “Panopticon” • What is it?

15. Bentham’s “Panopticon” • What is it? • How does it work?

16. Bentham’s “Panopticon” • What is it? • How does it work? • Foucault— prisoners “are seen but do not see” internalizing control, self-discipline

17. Foucault’s theory • “new” style social control • “technology of observation” • focus on “soul” not “body”

18. Notice the affinity— • Rational “technology of observation”—Foucault (e.g. Bentham’s Panopticon) • Rational, administrative “bureaucracy”—Weber

19. Bureaucracy & Sacrifice • Bureaucracy & Sacrifice, Making an example • Notice how both themes coexist (e.g. Hussein’s trial)— • Symbolism, community boundaries, functions of crime/justice • Formal, rational, bureaucratic style of social control

20. War on drugs • Notice how both themes coexist (e.g. Hussein’s trial, drug scares)— • Symbolism, community boundaries, functions of crime/justice • Formal, rational, bureaucratic style of social control

21. Craig Reinarman “Drug scares” “Functional demons” Examples—Prohibition (1919-1933), Marijuana (1937, 1960s), Crack (1986-1992)

22. Craig Reinarman Recipe for a “drug scare” (7 ingredients) • Kernel of truth

23. Craig Reinarman Recipe for a “drug scare” (7 ingredients) • Kernel of truth • Media magnification Reefer Madness Marijuana news, 1937:"An entire family was murdered by a youthful addict in Florida. When officers arrived at the home, they found the youth staggering about in a human slaughterhouse. With an axe he had killed his father, mother, two brothers, and a sister…. The officers knew him ordinarily as a sane, rather quiet young man; now he was pitifully crazed. They sought the reason. The boy said that he had been in the habit of smoking something which youthful friends called ‘muggles,’ a childish name for marijuana."

24. Craig Reinarman Recipe for a “drug scare” (7 ingredients) • Kernel of truth • Media magnification Crack— Newsweek: June 16, 1986 “An epidemic is abroad in America, as pervasive and dangerous in its way as the plagues of the medieval times… It has taken lives, wrecked careers, broken homes, invaded schools, incited crimes, tainted businesses, toppled heroes, corrupted policemen and politicians…and in some measure infected every corner of our public and private lives.”

25. Craig Reinarman Recipe for a “drug scare” (7 ingredients) • Kernel of truth • Media magnification • Politico-moral entrepreneurs • Professional interest groups • Historical context of conflict

26. Craig Reinarman Recipe for a “drug scare” (7 ingredients) • Kernel of truth • Media magnification • Politico-moral entrepreneurs • Professional interest groups • Historical context of conflict • Linking drugs to a “dangerous class” • Scapegoating for social problems

27. In Kai Erikson’s term’s— • Causes— • Symbolic boundaries/boundary crises, cultural anxieties • “Self-fulfilling prophesy” (e.g. “Hardening” inmates, copycat school shootings, fear of children)

28. Summarizing themes • Compare Salem with trials to Reinarman: Symbolic meaning, definitions, functions of crime/justice • Formal organization of justice, bureaucracy, but symbolic • Up-coming: Official crime rates and statistics • Then: “Street-level bureaucracy,” “people-processing”

29. END LECTURE FOUR