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Understanding Earth's Atmospheric Layers and Vertical Structure

Explore the vertical structure of Earth's atmosphere from the troposphere to the thermosphere, and learn why each layer is uniquely structured. Discover how different layers affect temperature, gradient, and insolation absorption. Understand the interactions between gases like oxygen, nitrogen, and ozone at varying altitudes.

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Understanding Earth's Atmospheric Layers and Vertical Structure

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  1. HOW IS THE ATMOSPHERE STRUCTURED VERTICALLY AND WHY?

  2. Surface

  3. 8 miles (10km) TROPOSPHERE Surface

  4. 30 miles (50km) STRATOSPHERE 8 miles (10km) TROPOSPHERE Surface

  5. 50 miles (80km) MESOSPHERE 30 miles (50km) STRATOSPHERE 8 miles (10km) TROPOSPHERE Surface

  6. 300 miles (500km)? THERMOSPHERE 50 miles (80km) MESOSPHERE 30 miles (50km) STRATOSPHERE 8 miles (10km) TROPOSPHERE Surface

  7. 300 miles (500km)? THERMOSPHERE 50 miles (80km) Normal Gradient MESOSPHERE 30 miles (50km) STRATOSPHERE 8 miles (10km) TROPOSPHERE Normal Gradient Surface

  8. 300 miles (500km)? THERMOSPHERE Reverse Gradient 50 miles (80km) Normal Gradient MESOSPHERE 30 miles (50km) STRATOSPHERE Reverse Gradient 8 miles (10km) TROPOSPHERE Normal Gradient Surface

  9. 300 miles (500km)? THERMOSPHERE Reverse Gradient MESOPAUSE 50 miles (80km) Normal Gradient MESOSPHERE 30 miles (50km) STRATOSPHERE Reverse Gradient 8 miles (10km) TROPOSPHERE Normal Gradient Surface

  10. 300 miles (500km)? THERMOSPHERE Reverse Gradient MESOPAUSE 50 miles (80km) Normal Gradient MESOSPHERE STRATOPAUSE 30 miles (50km) STRATOSPHERE Reverse Gradient 8 miles (10km) TROPOSPHERE Normal Gradient Surface

  11. 300 miles (500km)? THERMOSPHERE Reverse Gradient MESOPAUSE 50 miles (80km) Normal Gradient MESOSPHERE STRATOPAUSE 30 miles (50km) STRATOSPHERE Reverse Gradient TROPOPAUSE 8 miles (10km) TROPOSPHERE Normal Gradient Surface

  12. INSOLATION Full EMR Spectrum Surface

  13. INSOLATION Full EMR Spectrum Oxygen (O2) Nitrogen (N2) Surface

  14. INSOLATION X-rays Gamma rays Most Interceptions (Energy) Intercepted by Oxygen and Nitrogen Fewest Interceptions (Energy) Surface

  15. INSOLATION X-rays Gamma rays Most (WARM) Interceptions (Energy) Intercepted by Oxygen and Nitrogen Fewest (COOL) Interceptions (Energy) Surface

  16. INSOLATION X-rays Gamma rays WARM REVERSE GRADIENT Intercepted by Oxygen and Nitrogen COOL Surface

  17. WARM REVERSE GRADIENT COOL INSOLATION Minus X-rays and Gamma rays Ozone (O3) Surface

  18. 1. EMR can slowly break-down all chemical bonds. Here is the stratosphere, oxygen molecules (O2) are broken down into individual oxygen atoms(O) by this process of photo-disassociation. 1. O O2 O

  19. 1. EMR can slowly break-down all chemical bonds. Here is the stratosphere, oxygen molecules (O2) are broken down into individual oxygen atoms(O) by this process of photo-disassociation. 2. Oxygen atoms (O) quickly bond themselves to other oxygen molecules (O2), forming ozone (O3) O 2. 1. O O2 O2 O O3

  20. 1. EMR can slowly break-down all chemical bonds. Here is the stratosphere, oxygen molecules (O2) are broken down into individual oxygen atoms(O) by this process of photo-disassociation. 2. Oxygen atoms (O) quickly bond themselves to other oxygen molecules (O2), forming ozone (O3) O 2. 1. O O2 O2 O O2 O O3 3. 3. Ozone molecules (O3) are large enough to intercept ultra-violet wavelengths. Releasing energy to stratosphere and breaking down ozone into an oxygen molecule (O2) and a free oxygen atom(O) .

  21. 1. EMR can slowly break-down all chemical bonds. Here is the stratosphere, oxygen molecules (O2) are broken down into individual oxygen atoms(O) by this process of photo-disassociation. 2. Oxygen atoms (O) quickly bond themselves to other oxygen molecules (O2), forming ozone (O3). O 2. 1. O O2 O2 O O2 O 4. O3 3. 3. Ozone molecules (O3) are large enough to intercept ultra-violet wavelengths. Releasing energy to stratosphere and breaking down ozone into an oxygen molecule (O2) and a free oxygen atom(O) . 4. The freed oxygen atom (O) can then recombine with another free atom (O) to make an oxygen molecule (O2) , or with an oxygen molecule (O2) to make ozone(O3).

  22. WARM REVERSE GRADIENT COOL INSOLATION Minus X-rays and Gamma rays Most (WARM) Interceptions (Energy) Ultra-violet light collisions with ozones. Fewest (COOL) Interceptions (Energy) Surface

  23. WARM REVERSE GRADIENT COOL INSOLATION Minus X-rays and Gamma rays WARM Ultra-violet light collisions with ozones. REVERSE GRADIENT COOL Surface

  24. 300 miles (500km)? THERMOSPHERE Reverse Gradient MESOPAUSE 50 miles (80km) Normal Gradient MESOSPHERE STRATOPAUSE 30 miles (50km) STRATOSPHERE Reverse Gradient TROPOPAUSE 8 miles (10km) -70 TROPOSPHERE Normal Gradient 15 Temperature °C -90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10

  25. 300 miles (500km)? THERMOSPHERE Reverse Gradient MESOPAUSE 50 miles (80km) Normal Gradient MESOSPHERE STRATOPAUSE 30 miles (50km) 0 STRATOSPHERE Reverse Gradient TROPOPAUSE 8 miles (10km) -70 TROPOSPHERE Normal Gradient 15 Temperature °C -90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10

  26. 300 miles (500km)? THERMOSPHERE Reverse Gradient MESOPAUSE 50 miles (80km) -90 Normal Gradient MESOSPHERE STRATOPAUSE 30 miles (50km) 0 STRATOSPHERE Reverse Gradient TROPOPAUSE 8 miles (10km) -70 TROPOSPHERE Normal Gradient 15 Temperature °C -90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10

  27. 300 miles (500km)? THERMOSPHERE 1000? Reverse Gradient MESOPAUSE 50 miles (80km) -90 Normal Gradient MESOSPHERE STRATOPAUSE 30 miles (50km) 0 STRATOSPHERE Reverse Gradient TROPOPAUSE 8 miles (10km) -70 TROPOSPHERE Normal Gradient 15 Temperature °C -90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10

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