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Chapter 6 Organizational Information Systems

Chapter 6 Organizational Information Systems. Information Systems Today Leonard Jessup & Joseph Valacich. Chapter 6 Objectives. Understand characteristics of operational, managerial, and executive information systems

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Chapter 6 Organizational Information Systems

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  1. Chapter 6OrganizationalInformation Systems Information Systems Today Leonard Jessup & Joseph Valacich © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc.

  2. © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc.

  3. Chapter 6 Objectives • Understand characteristics of operational, managerial, and executive information systems • Understand characteristics of transaction processing systems, management information systems, and executive information systems • Understand characteristics of information systems that span organizational boundaries © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc.

  4. Decision-Making Levels of an Organization © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc.

  5. Decision-Making Levels of an Organization • Executive level (top) • Long-term decisions • Unstructured decisions • Managerial level (middle) • Decisions covering weeks and months • Semistructured decisions • Operational level (bottom) • Day-to-day decisions • Structured decisions © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc.

  6. © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc.

  7. General Types of Information Systems • Transaction Processing Systems (TPSs) • Transactions • Used at Operational level of the organization • Goal: to automate repetitive information processing activities • Increase speed • Increase accuracy • Greater efficiency © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc.

  8. General Types of Information Systems • Transaction Processing Systems (TPSs) • Online processing • Batch processing • Data input • Manual data entry • Semiautomated data entry • Fully automated data entry © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc.

  9. General Types of Information Systems • Transaction Processing Systems (TPSs) • Examples: • Payroll • Sales and ordering • Inventory • Purchasing, receiving, shipping • Accounts payable and receivable © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc.

  10. General Types of Information Systems • Management Information Systems (MISs) • Two Types: • Management of IS in organizations • Specific information systems for mid-level managers • Used at managerial level of the organization © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc.

  11. General Types of Information Systems • Management Information Systems • Types of reports: • Scheduled report • Key-indicator report • Exception report • Drill-down report • Ad hoc report © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc.

  12. General Types of Information Systems • Management Information Systems (MISs) • Examples: • Sales forecasting • Financial management and forecasting • Manufacturing planning and scheduling • Inventory management and planning • Advertising and product pricing © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc.

  13. General Types of Information Systems • Executive Information Systems (EISs) • Used at executive level of the organization • Highly aggregated form • Data types • Soft data – news and nonanalytical data • Hard data – facts and numbers © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc.

  14. General Types of Information Systems • Executive Information Systems (EISs) • Examples: • Executive-level decision making • Long-range and strategic planning • Monitoring internal and external events • Crisis management • Staffing and labor relations © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc.

  15. Information Systems that Span Organizational Boundaries © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc.

  16. Information Systems that Span Organizational Boundaries • Decision Support Systems (DSSs) • Designed to support organizational decision making • “What-if” analysis • Example of a DSS tool: Microsoft Excel • Text and graphs • Models for each of the functional areas • Accounting, finance, personnel, etc. © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc.

  17. Information Systems that Span Organizational Boundaries • Expert Systems (ESs) • Mimics human expertise by manipulating knowledge • Rules (If-then) • Inferencing © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc.

  18. Information Systems that Span Organizational Boundaries • Office Automation Systems (OASs) • Examples: • Communicating and scheduling • Document preparation • Analyzing data • Consolidating information © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc.

  19. Information Systems that Span Organizational Boundaries • Collaboration Technologies • Virtual teams • Videoconferencing • Groupware • Electronic Meeting Systems (EMSs) © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc.

  20. Information Systems that Span Organizational Boundaries • Functional Area Information Systems • Geared toward specific areas in the company: • Human Resources • Benefits • Marketing © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc.

  21. © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc.

  22. Information Systems that Span Organizational Boundaries • Global Information Systems • International IS • Transnational IS • Multinational IS • Global IS © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc.

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