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B9830101 Aaron ( 吳思靜 ) B9830154 Vivian( 賴郁竹 ) B9830317 Karen( 李佩珊 ) B9830036 Cindy( 紀惠心 ). Macro-Level Coherence. What is coherence in writing?. What is coherence in writing?.
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B9830101 Aaron(吳思靜) B9830154 Vivian(賴郁竹) B9830317 Karen(李佩珊) B9830036 Cindy(紀惠心) Macro-Level Coherence
What is coherence in writing? • A macrostructure that provides a pattern characteristic and appropriate to its communicative purpose (Hoey 1983; Martin and Rothery 1986).
What is coherence in writing? • An information structure that guides the reader in understanding how information is organized and how the topic of text is developed (Danes 1974; Firbas 1986).
What is coherence in writing? • Connectivity of the underlying content evidenced by relations between propositions (Kintsch and van Dijk 1978; van Dijk 1980). • Free transport would be a good thing for the city’s shops andbusinesses, because bus and underground users would have more money available to spend on both necessities and luxuries.
What is coherence in writing? • Connectivity of the surface text evidenced by the presence of cohesive devices. • pronoun references (he, she, it, this, that), conjunctions (but, also, therefore, however) • repetition, synonymy/antonymy • superordinates/hyponymy
What is coherence in writing? • Appropriate metadiscourse features (Crismore, Markkanen, and Steffensen 1993; Vande Kopple 1985). • logical connectives (therefore, but), sequencers (firstly, secondly, finally), certainty markers (certainly, no doubt), and hedges (can, may).
Coherence • connect ideas and provideinformation → fluid and comprehensible • achieved through A. consideration of audience B. consideration of genre
Article material • Introduction • Body • Conclusion →Coherence: can’t change esaily
Body • Consideration of audience A.appropriate lexical B. structural choices
Appropriate lexical • On the same day, Zorcon invaded Limlam, making rapid progress by using aggressive tactics. At the end of the month, Norpalese troops were forced to evacuate the continent, abandoning their heavy equipment. On June 10th, Tak-tak invaded, declaring war on Limlam and Norpal. Twelve days later, Limlam surrendered and was soon divided between Zorcon and Tak-tak. In early July, the Norpalese attacked Limlam’s fleet in Zoot to prevent their seizure by Zorcon.
Appropriate lexical • Vocabulary knowledge is essential for understanding a text • translated key vocabulary into the terms easily understood • become a lot more comprehensible and coherent
Genre • Definition: • A category of literature, marked by a distinctive style, form, or content
An expert audience member will have organizational and content expectations for your document. • Genres help audiences know what will be in a document and where it will be.
A good introduction: • indicates the topic that the essay is about • describes how the body of the essay is organized • explains the point of writing the essay; the point of writing an essay is usually to argue for a thesis, so you will need to explain what thesis you argue for and how you argue for it – this is called a thesis-statement, and most essay introductions include one.
First---Define your subject Severe weather has become a genuine concern for the residents of Tippecanoe County in recent years.
Second---State your purpose • The purpose of an introduction is to prepare the reader for the body of writing that comes after it. This report offers some strategies for managing severe weather in Tippecanoe and neighboring counties.
Third---State your point • Let the reader know that what they can do in how many ways bout the subject. Specifically, it provides tips on how to keep friends and family members from making bad decisions during emergency weather situations.
Fourth---Stress your importance of the subject Without this information, you or a loved one may make a mistake in severe weather that could cost someone’s life.
Fifth---Provide background information Recently, twenty Tippecanoe residents have been injured or killed during severe weather.
Finally---Forecast the content This report will recommend simple changes residents can make around the home to protect against future injury. Then, it will give specific steps residents can take when severe weather hits. Finally, it will identify resources available for further severe weather education.
First---Make a transition Transitional words and phrases let the reader know where they are in a document. For a conclusion, use a transitional phrase like: In conclusion, To sum up, In closing, In summary, Finally, Overall, As a whole, In the end, On the whole, In brief, Put briefly, Ultimately.
Second---Restate the main point • In summary, if Tippecanoe residents want to stay safe during severe weather, they need to prepare beforehand and be aware of their surroundings.
Third---Re-stress the importance • We can easily reduce the number of casualties from severe weather by preparing our homes and property. Moreover, by disseminating information on how to handle severe weather situations, we can save our loved ones from harm.
Fourth---Look to the future • offering a suggestion, giving an opinion, or making a prediction. If we all take these steps, Tippecanoe residents will reduce weather-related casualties. Increased severe weather will not have a detrimental impact on our lives.
