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Macro Level Interventions For RURAL PROSPERITY (Part -1)

Macro Level Interventions For RURAL PROSPERITY (Part -1). Mukesh Vats. TOPIC COVERED. Overview of Agriculture Sector. Data related to Agriculture in India Turning points in Indian Agriculture Present Concerns. OVERVIEW.

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Macro Level Interventions For RURAL PROSPERITY (Part -1)

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  1. Macro Level Interventions For RURAL PROSPERITY (Part -1) Mukesh Vats

  2. TOPIC COVERED • Overview of Agriculture Sector. • Data related to Agriculture in India • Turning points in Indian Agriculture • Present Concerns

  3. OVERVIEW • Agriculture is main source of income/ employment generation in rural areas. • There is no alternative to the food, and nutrition security. • Remunerative and high productive agriculture can alone bring rural prosperity in India.

  4. Contd….. • India can not afford to import food grains for the population of 110 crores. • Our food security is linked to the political freedom. • We have to convert the huge population from weakness to strength. • Agriculture supports our three basic needs of food, shelter and clothing.

  5. ARE WE HEADING TOWARDS THIS ??

  6. Contd… • It has created a huge domestic market and insulated us from global recession to some extent. • There is huge potential for increasing total yield and income from agricultural operations. • The sector can save and earn huge amount of foreign currency. • 4% growth of the sector is essential for overall 8% growth of GDP.

  7. INDIAN AGRICULTURE – SOME FACTS • Gross geographical area 328.73 mha • Forests 69.00 mha • Non agriculture 22.9 mha • Barron land 17.5 mha • Pasture land 10.8 mha • Miscl. use 3.4 mha • Productive waste land 13.12 mha • Total cropped 192.8 mha • Area sown more than once 50.9 mha • Gross irrigated area 82.63 mha

  8. Contd…. • 46,000 species of plants are found in India • 86,000 species of animals are there. • About 2/3 population is still living in rural / semi urban areas. • Agriculture is providing livelihood to approx. 65% population. • Food grain production is stagnating at around 210 million tons , we will require approx. 270 million tons of food grains by 2020.

  9. Contd… • We have highest irrigated area in the world. • Highest milk production and cattle population also. • Still agricultural imports are increasing at fast rate of 25% per year. • Land under degradation threat 50% of the total area • 60% area is rain fall dependent. • Share of agriculture declined to 18% in GDP.

  10. Present concerns • After green revolution and other interventions like increasing credit to double or triple level, the production is stagnating, growth is declining and imports are increasing. • The population is increasing at same rate, climate changes and global warming is coming as potential threat to food security. • The main areas of concerns will be discussed one by one.

  11. Turning Points in Indian Agriculture • Green Revolution • Mainly focused on three crops i.e. wheat, paddy and maize. • Inputs used : H Y V of seeds, chemical fertilizers, pesticides. • Coverage : already irrigated areas in some parts of India. • Goal achieved was - increased yield due to fertilizers, short straw and early maturity. • The farm income in covered areas was doubled, non farm activities increased and food security achieved .

  12. Contd…. • High production saved forest land being diverted to agriculture. • Technology was introduced to farmers - first time. • Activities allied to agriculture were introduced such as poultry, dairy and fisheries. • However, the farmers were not trained to understand the ill effects of over use of the new ingredients to farming. • This resulted in new set of problems in long term.

  13. Contd… • Excess fertilizers polluted water, pesticides poisoned the farmers and labour, friendly pests and wild animals were killed. • Poor irrigation practices resulted in fall of water table, salt formation in soils and loss of bio-diversity. • Soil fertility deteriorated in • long run. Details will be • discussed separately.

  14. White revolution • NDDB pioneered it with the help of EEC, World Bank and GOI. • Main thrust was to establish cooperatives for collection and processing of milk. • Infrastructure like veterinary health centers, feed production plants and artificial insemination services were promoted. • Women were encouraged to take part in the process of production and marketing.

  15. Dr. Kurian - man behind White Revolution

  16. Contd… • Cross breeding of the animal was promoted. • Increased milk production, supplementry income and fair prices to consumers and producers were main targets. • It resulted in increasing production from 30 million tons in 1980 to 90 million tons in 2005 • Middlemen were eliminated from the marketing. • Import of the milk products was stopped. • However, the revolution failed to address certain issues

  17. MILK PROCESSING PLANT

  18. Women As Partners Of White Revolution

  19. Contd… • No substitute nutrition to rural people specially children was planned as the entire produce was marketed to big cities. • Rampant misuse of HARMONES for milk production resulting in poor animal health. • Vanishing of indigenous breeds of cattle.

  20. White revolution ensured milk supply to cities

  21. Yellow revolution • Started in 1986 in the form of a mission. • Resulted in increased production of oil seeds from 11 million tons to 25 million tons in 1996-97. • Productivity increased to 931 kg/ha. • Strategy was to provide improved seeds, expand cultivated areas and extend price support. • Soybean, sunflower, groundnut and mustard crops were focused for increasing production.

  22. OIL SEEDS

  23. Oil seeds for Prosperity

  24. Low - Productivity • Though the total production has increased, the productivity of our farms is much lower than the developed nations. • The main reasons are wrong agronomic practices, poor and untreated seeds and poor heath of the soil. • The out break of disease, mono cultures and low farm mechanization are other reasons. • Dependence on monsoon in large parts of the country is also contributing to the problem.

  25. PRODUCTIVITY CHART

  26. Falling water levels • Surface irrigation is limited to some parts of the country. • Ground water boom with pump irrigation brought revolution in primarily State controlled subjects. • Over exploitation of ground water resulted in drastic fall in water levels all over the nation. • Quality of ground water is also causing concern. • Situation has reached to alarming levels in Punjab, Haryana, Western UP, AP, TN and Maharastra.

  27. water table • Remote • Sensing • data

  28. WAITING FOR CLOUDS

  29. Small Holdings • The average size of the land holdings is decreasing day by day. • The small holdings are not productive due to high fixed cost. • The fragmentations are also resulting in loss of land by making dividers. • The co-operative or joint farming is not popular in India. • Often resulting in social tensions.

  30. SMALL HOLDINGS REDUCE PRODUCTIVITY

  31. PATTERN OF LAND HOLDINGS

  32. Weeds, Pests and Diseases • High growth of weeds is converting fertile land to waste lands in some parts of the country. • Cropping with few varieties of grains, intensive cultivation and water logging are favorable for pest growth and spread of disease. • Over use of pesticides and insecticides is killing useful insects and poisoning the food, ground water and farmers. • The produce with high content of pesticide residue has been rejected by importers.

  33. Common pests

  34. Storage loss • Storage, transportation and distribution losses are high as compared to world average. • The vegetables and fruits worth hundreds of crores are lost due to poor storage facilities. • Grains are rotting in overflowing godowns and thousands of tons of grains become unfit for human consumption due to poor storage conditions. • Approx. 10% grains procured from farmers by government agencies are lost due to poor storage, transport, moisture, rats and other problems.

  35. Grading of agriculture produce for value addition

  36. POOR STORAGE AFTER PURCHASE

  37. POOR STORAGE IS NATIONAL LOSS

  38. WASTE OR...??

  39. Land Degradation • Land is primary resource for agriculture. • About 50% of the cultivable land is prone to degradation due to natural and man made phenomenon. • The man made problems include over irrigation, chemical fertilizers, loss of vegetation, water logging, pollution and rapid changes in land use patterns etc. • The natural agents are wind and water .

  40. Waste lands can be transformed

  41. Poor Infrastructure • Infrastructure is primary requirement for development and growth of the sector. • Earlier there was no well planned approach for providing rural infrastructure. • Entire north-east and eastern parts of India are backward due to lack of proper infrastructure despite rich in natural resources. • The roads, telecommunication, power, water, markets, input supply, processing facilities etc. are parts of infrastructure. • The poor infrastructure keeps the entrepreneurs away from rural areas.

  42. Farm Mechanization • The farm mechanization was introduced in India in form of Tractors. • The high powered tractors are not economical for small and medium land holdings. • The farm mechanization was concentrated in small part of the country. • High investment in high power tractors is making farmers poor and reducing viability of the investment, resulting in wasting energy. • Low powered farm equipments are still not popular.

  43. FARM MECHANIZATION IS BOON FOR BIG FARMS

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