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Understanding Chemical Reactions and Equations: Types, Examples, and Balancing

This chapter delves into chemical reactions and their representations through equations. A chemical reaction involves the transformation of substances, while a chemical equation uses symbols and formulas to depict reactants and products' identities and amounts. Various indicators of reactions include energy release, gas formation, precipitate formation, and color changes. The chapter covers the types of reactions: synthesis, decomposition, single displacement, double displacement, and combustion, along with practical examples and the importance of balancing equations.

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Understanding Chemical Reactions and Equations: Types, Examples, and Balancing

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  1. Chapter 8 Chemical Equations and Reactions

  2. Chemical Reactions • Chemical Reaction- one or more substances are changed • Chemical Equation-Symbols and formulas to describe identities and relative molecular/molar amounts of reactants and products • HCl + Mg(OH)2 -> MgCl2 + H2O

  3. How to know if Reaction occurred • Energy given off (heat/light) • Gas formed (bubbles) • Precipitate formed (2 liquids make undissolvable solid) • Color change (not dilution) • Examples

  4. More on Chemical Equations • Methane + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water (word equation) • CH4 + O2 -> CO2 + H2O (formula equation) • Formula equations must be balanced • See examples on board

  5. Equation symbols • P. 266 (on board)

  6. Types of reactions • Synthesis • Decomposition • Single Displacement/Metathesis • Double Displacement • Combustion

  7. Synthesis • A + B -> AB • See examples on board

  8. Decomposition • AB -> A + B • Binary • Metal carbonate makes metal oxide and carbon dioxide • Metal hydroxide makes metal oxide and water • Metal chlorate makes metal chloride and oxygen • Acid (sulfuric and carbonic examples) • See examples on board

  9. Single Displacement • A + BC -> AC + B • Or, A + BC -> BA + C • See examples on board • How to know if switch? Activity series (p. 286- water flows down, not up)(ranked according to “popularity”)

  10. Double Displacement • AB + CD-> AD + CB • Keep left on left and right on right • See examples on board

  11. Combustion • Always has oxygen gas as reactant • Striking matches example • If hydrocarbon is involved, get carbon dioxide and water • See examples on board

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