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Understanding Animal Classification and Characteristics

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This overview of the animal kingdom explores various phyla, such as Cnidaria, Chordata, Nematoda, Echinodermata, Platyhelminthes, and Annelida, detailing their distinct features. It emphasizes key characteristics of animals, including multicellularity, heterotrophy, and mobility. The process of digestion and development is also discussed, from zygote formation to blastula and gastrula stages. Additionally, animal body plans—such as asymmetry, radial symmetry, and bilateral symmetry—are examined, along with protective structures like exoskeletons and endoskeletons.

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Understanding Animal Classification and Characteristics

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  1. Ch 28.1 • What is an Animal?

  2. ?

  3. Cnidaria: jelly fish, corals, sponges etc

  4. Chordata: sea squirts, lizards, fishes, humans. . .

  5. Nematoda: Roundworms

  6. Echinodermata: starfish, sea urchins, sea cucumbers . . .

  7. Platyhelminthes: planaria, tapeworm . .

  8. Annelida: segmented worms, leeches . .

  9. Fish

  10. Chordata: Vertabrata: dog, human . .

  11. Animal ?? • Yes.

  12. All animals: • Are multicellular • Feed on other organisms • Can move in some way to obtain food • Break down food to be used as energy or building tissue. • Unlike plants, animals have no cell walls to support the body.

  13. Obtaining food: • Heterotrophic: They obtain energy and nutrients from outside sources. • Move to find food: birds, humans . . • Draw food toward them: barnacles, sponges . .

  14. Digest food: • Internal: intestines: frogs, fish • Intercellular: inside cells: sponges, flatworms

  15. Development of Animals: • Sperm finds egg

  16. Zygote • Sperm and egg are one object, one cell, ready to start multiplying.

  17. In Humans:

  18. In all animals: See figure 28.5 • Sperm and egg • Zygote • 2 cell • 4 cell • 8 cell • Blastula: ball of cells • Gastrula: infolding

  19. Animal Body Plans: • Asymmetry: irregularly shaped • Radial symmetry: left and right are equal if cut down ANY middle • Bilateral symmetry: left and right from midline equals mirror image

  20. Body plans for Bilateral symmetry: • All have body cavities where internal organs are found. • Accept Acoelomates: flatworms: 3 cell layers w/ digestive tract but no body cavities.

  21. Pseudocoelomate: Roundworms: a Fluid-filled body cavity partly lined.

  22. Coelomate: Segmented worms, fish, lizards, humans, . . . Internal organs are in the open cavety (coelom) Spinal cord skin

  23. Protection: • Exoskeleton: hard outside • Endoskeloton: support framework inside body.

  24. Last slide • Invertebrate: an animal w/out a backbone. • Vertebrate: with a backbone

  25. Quiz • Tomorrow when you walk in on the information you just wrote down. • Open note, open book. • Limited time per question.

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