Angiosperms & All the Plant Parts

Angiosperms & All the Plant Parts

Recall What You Know… • What characteristics do all plants share? • Multicellular • Eukaryotic • Cell walls made of cellulose • Carry out photosynthesis • What “challenges” did plants have to overcome to live on land? • Acquiring, transporting & conserving water – vascular tissue • Reproducing without water - seeds

VascularTissue: A Transport System • Xylem – a transport subsystem that carries water upward from the roots to every part of the plant. • Phloem – a transport subsystem that carries solutions of nutrients and carbohydrates produced by photosynthesis down to other parts of the plant.

Endodermis Root hairs Ground tissue (cortex) Phloem Epidermis Xylem Endodermis Vascular cylinder Zone of maturation Zone of elongation Apical meristem Root cap VascularCylinder Cross Section of Plant Root(magnification: 40x)

Comparing Seed Plants Comparing Features of Seed Plants Feature Seeds Reproduction Examples Gymnosperms Angiosperms Bear their seeds on cones Can reproduce without water; male gametophytes are contained in pollen grains; fertilization occurs by pollination Conifers, cycads, ginkgoes, gnetophytes Bear their seeds within flowers Can reproduce without water; male gametophytes are contained in pollen grains; fertilization occurs by pollination Grasses, flowering trees and shrubs, wildflowers, cultivated flowers

Comparing Seed Plant Pollination Comparing Wind-pollinated and Animal-pollinated Plants Characteristics Pollination method Relative efficiency of pollination method Plant types Reproductive organs Adaptations that promote pollination Wind-pollinatedPlants Wind pollination Less efficient Mostly gymnosperms and some angiosperms Cones Pollination drop Animal-pollinated Plants Vector pollination More efficient Angiosperms Flowers Bright colors, sweet nectar

Plant Diversity Cone-bearing plantsGymnosperms 760 species Ferns andtheir relativesSeedless vascular plants 11,000 species FloweringplantsAngiosperms 235,000 species Mosses andtheir relatives Bryophytes 15,600 species

Angiosperms • Develop unique reproductive organs known as flowers. • Flowers contain ovaries, which surround and protect the seeds.

Single cotyledon Two cotyledons Parallel veins Branched veins Floral parts often in multiples of 3 Floral parts often in multiplesof 4 or 5 Vascularbundlesscattered throughout stem Vascularbundlesarranged ina ring Fibrous roots Taproot The angiosperms are a diverse group. There are two classes within the angiosperms : monocotyledonae, or monocots, & dicotyledonae, or dicots. Monocots Dicots Seeds Leaves Flowers Stems Roots

Angiosperm Reproductive Organs:The Flower Stamen Carpel __(Pistil) Stigma Anther Style Filament Ovary Petal Ovule Sepal

Angiosperm Reproductive Organs:The Flower

Angiosperm Reproductive Organs:The Flower – One more look: ????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ???? Ovule ????

Angiosperm Reproductive Organs:The Flower Stamen Carpel Stigma Anther Style Filament Ovary Petal Ovule Sepal

Important Parts • If you’ve picked or smelled flowers, eaten vegetables, climbed a tree, or pulled up weeds, you already know more about the parts of plants than you may realize. Think about your past experiences with plants, and then list the functions of each of the following parts of a plant: 1. roots 2. leaves 3. stems 4. flowers and cones

Parts of a Plant Leaf Stem Root Dermal tissue Vascular tissue Ground tissue

Roots

Roots, cont. • Roots have 2 main functions: • Anchor a plant in the ground • Absorb water & dissolved nutrients from the soil

Essential Plant Nutrients Nutrient Nitrogen Phosphorus Potassium Magnesium Calcium Role in Plant Proper leaf growth and color; synthesis of amino acids, proteins, nucleic acids, and chlorophyll Synthesis of DNA; development of roots, stems, flowers, and seeds Synthesis of proteins and carbohydrates; development of roots, stems, and flowers; resistance to cold and disease Synthesis of chlorophyll Cell growth and division; cell wall structure; cellular transport; enzyme action Result of Deficiency Stunted plant growth; pale yellow leaves Poor flowering; stunted growth Weak stems and stunted roots; edges of leaves turn brown Thin stems; mottled, pale leaves Stunted growth; curled leaves

Stems • Stems have 3 important functions • 1 Produce leaves, branches and flowers • 2 Hold leaves up to the sunlight • 3 Transport Substances between roots and leaves Leaves The site of absorbing light and carrying out photosynthesis

Leaves • The site of absorbing light and carrying out photosynthesis.

Angiosperms & All the Plant Parts